Yearly Calendar of Teacher Services: Exams throughout the year, teacher recommendation at the beginning of the session

According to the public schedule by the Commission for the financial year 2081/82, there will be open advertisement in the coming months of March, February and April. According to the Education Act 2028, the Commission has been selecting and recommending primary, lower secondary and secondary level teachers. Even though the constitution states that the school will be of basic and secondary level, the teacher posts are being filled according to the old system without the amendment of the law. The schedule of the commission is to invite applications for secondary level third class in January, lower secondary level third class in February and primary third class in April.

The commission conducts the examination in two stages for the selection of teachers, general and subject-wise. Only successful candidates in the general examination can appear in the subject examination. After passing the subject as well, they are recommended for appointment as permanent teachers through interview. It is mentioned in the annual calendar that the general examination of the first stage of the secondary level will be conducted in February and the results will be published in the same month. The aim of the commission is to conduct the second phase subject-wise examination in April and publish the results from June to Bhadra. The commission said that interviews will be held from November to November and teachers will be recommended in January.

After the Center for Education and Human Resource Development provides the details of vacant posts in public schools, the Commission has a provision to advertise accordingly. Regmi, the chairman of the commission, said that since the beginning of the academic session (May), a calendar has been made so that the newly appointed permanent teachers reach the classroom. "Earlier, it took 22 months to do the job from teacher advertisement to recommendation," he said, "now with the help of the province, teachers are selected and recommended within a year." There is a schedule. Subjective examination of Nimavi will be conducted in June. From May to November, the results of the examination will be published and interviews will be conducted in January. Teachers will be recommended in February. Recommended teachers are sent to the district and local levels by the center and appointed to public schools. After applying for the primary level in April, the schedule is to take the general exam in May and publish the results by June. The subject test will be conducted from November to January and the results will be published and the interview will be conducted in March. According to the Commission, the teachers of Pravika will be recommended by April. Chairman Regmi said that advertisement, examination, result publication and teacher promotion are being done on time in public schools.

There are 27,990 community schools in operation across the country. According to the data of the center, there are 15,802 community schools up to class 5, 4,972 up to class 8, 3,533 up to class 10 and 3,683 up to class 12. There are 191,27 teachers working in public schools across the country, 18,482 men and 72,545 women. The permanent post of teachers is only 1 lakh 8 thousand. The Ministry of Education has been providing relief teacher posts in schools where there are insufficient teacher vacancies. There are zero permanent posts in class 11th and 12th. About 45,000 teacher posts working on relief have been proposed to be made permanent through limited internal competition through the Commission in the School Education Bill. There is also a separate post for assistant teachers of private resources and child development classes.

It has been only two decades since teachers' posts were filled through the Teachers Service Commission. Prior to that, there was a practice of appointing and permanent teachers by forming a selection committee under the District Education Committee. During political changes including 2036 and 2046, the teachers who were teaching were automatically permanent. Experts say that permanent teacher posts are being filled even after completing the normal process before 2058. The High Level National Education Commission Report 2055 recommended the establishment of a Teachers Service Commission to recommend permanent appointment and promotion of teachers in public schools, to provide necessary teaching licenses for teachers, and to work on the services, conditions and facilities of teachers. According to the suggestion, the sixth amendment to the Education Act, 2028, established the National Teachers Service Commission for the first time in 2056.

2058 President Regmi said that the Teachers Service Commission was established by the seventh amendment of the Education Act, 2028 on January 25. Although the commission was formed, the regulations were prepared and the work of appointing officials in the commission was completed and the teacher posts were filled only in 2061/62 through open advertisement. Since then, the commission has recommended 81 thousand 190 teachers through open competition. According to the commission, teaching permits have been distributed to 811,628 people. Along with that, the commission has also been doing work related to the promotion of teachers through internal competition.

Looking back at the history, it is found that the National Education System Plan, 2028-032 has initiated the system to ensure the services, conditions and facilities of teachers. To select for permanent appointments, the District Education Service Commission, then the selection committee under the District Education Committee, District Teacher Selection Committee and Regional Teacher Selection Committee, etc., seem to be practicing the system of making teachers permanent under different names and forms. At that time, it is alleged that the teacher selection process was not fair, independent and free from politics. Even after the establishment of the commission, even for open competitions, the results could not be published for years.

License and teacher promotion exams are also being conducted according to the calendar, according to the commission. As per the schedule of 2081/82, the advertisement of license is in July for M.V. level and in August for N.V. level. The aim is to conduct the examinations for these levels in October and October respectively and publish the results by November. Shiv Prasad Sapkota, member secretary of the commission, said that the examination of open advertisement and license will be conducted simultaneously in all provinces. He said that the general examination will be conducted in 25 districts and the subject examination in the provincial capital.

Commission has a provision of 3 members consisting of 1 chairman and 2 members. The Education Act stipulates that the government appoints the officials of the Commission for a period of 5 years on the recommendation of a three-member committee chaired by the Chairman of the Public Service Commission, consisting of the Vice-Chancellor of Tribhuvan University and the Secretary of the Ministry of Education. Officials have been selected and appointed according to the same process. The duties, duties and powers of the commission are to recommend for the permanent appointment and promotion of teachers, to issue teaching licenses to those who wish to teach in schools, to determine the course of the examination to be taken for that purpose, and to carry out examination-related activities. Similarly, it is also responsible for making suggestions to the Ministry regarding the service, conditions and facilities of teachers, determining the syllabus of the examination to be taken for the appointment and promotion of teachers, and performing other tasks related to the examination.

The commission has 34 employees. The Joint Secretary of Education Administration remains in charge of the Administrative Head of the Commission. There are 8 Deputy Secretaries and 8 Branch Officers, including 7 Deputy Secretaries of Education Services and 1 of Accounts Group. There are 18 other employees. 8 branches have been established to manage the work of the Commission. Conducting written examination, promotion, interview and recommendation, data, advertisement, curriculum, capacity development and research, financial administration, question paper creation and revision, planning, administration and monitoring and teaching license branch. Regmi, the chairman of the commission, complained that there is a shortage of staff according to work and branch. He said that the commission is working with limited budget, resources and lack of staff.

The Commission has said that so far the license has been provided to 4 lakh 16 thousand 176 people at the lower secondary level, 2 lakh 2 thousand 739 people at the primary level and 192 thousand 713 people at the secondary level. Similarly, 55 thousand 589 teachers have been recommended at the primary level, 14 thousand 783 teachers at the lower secondary level and 10 thousand 801 teachers at the secondary level. This is the details of the permanent teachers recommended after 2061/62 open examination. Most teachers were permanently appointed in 2073/74.

The commission said that 14 thousand 270 teachers were recommended that year. Administrative head Sapkota said that the commission has been recommending teachers for around 10,000 annually. In 2061/62, 12 thousand 73 teachers passed the commission and were selected for appointment. Then at once the commission was able to recommend teachers only in 2069/70. 13 thousand 59 teachers were recommended that year, 3 thousand 251 teachers in 2071/72, and 3 thousand 458 teachers in 2072/73. Similarly, 12 thousand 627 teachers were recommended in 2074/75, 13 thousand 494 teachers in 2078/79 and 8 thousand 958 teachers in 2079/80. The commission said that due to the lack of appointment of officers on time, advertisements and recommendations of teachers could not be made every year.

Keshav Bhusal, Vice-Professor of Central Department of Education, Tribhuvan University, said that since the number of license holders are millions, there is an attraction of competition in the teaching service. However, he pointed out that the number of candidates may decrease in the future due to the decrease in the number of students studying in the Faculty of Education in universities and the society's interest in teaching. "Earlier, more than 1,000 students were enrolled in the same subject and class of the Faculty of Education, but in recent years, less than 100 students have been enrolled," he said. Associate Professor Bhusal, who is the author of a book on teacher services and also a trainer, suggested that success can be achieved if one prepares by understanding the syllabus and examination method.

commission has fixed separate syllabus for general and subject questions for teacher selection. The subject of the exam syllabus focuses on Nepal's Constitution, Education Acts, Rules, Education related areas. Thematic questions are mentioned in the syllabus with special emphasis on subject matter, teaching methods, activities and assessment. The timing, weightage and type of questions are as determined by the specification schedule. The time table for answering the written test is divided into 4 sections. It is mentioned that there will be short answers, long answers, problematic questions and questions related to the constitution and laws. Bhusal suggested that the examinees should understand the question well and take time to answer it.

The commission has been practicing preparing question papers based on the prescribed syllabus and grid by selecting among the skilled, experienced experts, educationists, professors and teachers with expertise in education. After preparation of many parallel sets of questions of the same level and subject, there is a provision to finalize them after moderation by an expert of the mentioned subject. The question papers are sealed and kept confidential. "The president selects the set required for the various subjects and levels available randomly and selects a few days or hours before the time of the exam, prints it, seals it and sends it to the center," the Commission's mandate says. The employees of the examination branch said that after the examination at the

center, the answer sheets will be packed and sealed and collected in the commission. For the first coding in the Rohwar of the Commission member, there is a provision that the first coding of the answer book will be done with the help of an employee who is not involved in the conduct of the examination or an authorized employee of any other office. "The person who did not enter the first code will enter the second code and a half-cut piece of the answer book will be sealed," said the staff of the branch. It is mentioned that the answer book will be tested based on the answer keys determined under the supervision and control of the Commission.