The year 2024 is about to end amid various ups and downs. This year, elections were held in more than 70 countries around the world to elect new leaders. Some of them had unexpected election results. In addition to that, as in the past, this year also, the political, economic and other developments in the powerful nations caught the attention of the world.

Especially the ongoing war in Russia-Ukraine and West Asia became headlines throughout the year. South Asian countries parliamentary elections in India, the fall of Sheikh Hasina in Bangladesh and the rise of Anura Kumara Dissanayake in Sri Lanka's politics were also matters of interest.

At the end of the year, the American presidential election and the return of Trump, the fall of Bashar al-Assad in Syria, and the political developments in South Korea were discussed all over the world. In the last week of the year, the plane crashes in Azerbaijan and South Korea made the hearts of the common people happy .

In 2024, two billion people in more than 70 countries of the world exercised their right to vote. The superpower America, the world's largest democracy, India, the world's largest geographically, Russia, Indonesia with the largest Muslim population, and Bangladesh with the highest population density voted to elect the leadership of their country.

8 out of the 10 most populous countries in the world, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Russia, America, Brazil, Mexico had elections in 2024 . Countries holding elections this year account for 41 percent of the world's population and 42 percent of their GDP. Among the elections, the results of some countries were unexpected.

Trump's comeback in America

Donald Trump was elected as the US president for the second time with a remarkable comeback in the elections held last November. Trump became the 47th President of the United States by defeating the Democratic Party's candidate, Vice President Kamala Harris. Out of the 270 electoral votes required for victory, Trump got 312 votes. Harris received 292 electoral votes.

Trump has made a rare comeback in American history by winning in the swing states, which are considered decisive. Grover Cleveland, previously president from 1885 to 1889, was elected to a second term in 1893. Trump, who was elected president in 2016, was defeated by current US president Joe Biden in 2020.

Trump rejected the election results when he lost to Biden. At that time, due to Trump inciting activists, riots broke out in the Capitol Hill on January 6, 2021. In the four years since then, he faced various problems. Cases were filed against him in federal and various state courts. He was found guilty in some of these cases.

Last July, a gunman tried to kill Trump at an election rally in Pennsylvania. According to the authorities, the shot was fired from a distance of about 130 meters with the "intention to kill" Trump. Although he escaped the assassination attempt, the bullet hit Trump's ear and caused minor injuries.

Dissanayake's rise in Sri Lanka

Left-wing leader Anura Kumara Dissanayake became president in Sri Lanka, struggling to get out of the economic crisis. For the first time, he defeated Sajith Premadasa in the second phase of the election. With this, the reign of the Rajapaksa family in Sri Lankan politics is over. Dissanayake had previously lost the presidential elections in 1999 and 2005.

Dissanayake, who said that he would stop corruption and maintain good governance in the country, won unexpectedly. He dissolved the parliament on September 24 and held elections on November 14. His party Janatha Bhimukti Peramuna (JVP) won the election. PPP has won 159 seats in the 225-member parliament.

Dissanayake's party JVP is considered close to China. Party founder Rohana Wijeweera in the 1980s portrayed India as the 'enemy of Sri Lanka'. The JVP has been opposing the 1987 agreement between Sri Lanka and India. Although the JVP has an anti-India and pro-China image in Sri Lanka, Dissanayake has been saying that he wants balanced and cordial relations with both India and China. Dissanayake, who has been improving relations with India recently, visited India two weeks ago.

President Gotabaya Rajapaksa fled the country in July 2022 after the protests started due to the worst economic crisis in the history of Sri Lanka. A week later, Wickramasinghe was appointed as the President by the Parliament of Sri Lanka. But he was accused of ignoring the mandate of the movement and protecting the Rajapaksa family from prosecution. Because of this, Wickramasinghe was forced to lose the presidential election for the third time.

Modi is the reins of the people

India's Prime Minister Modi scored a 'hat trick' in the post of Prime Minister. However, in the last election, his party failed to get a majority to form the government. Due to which Modi is leading the coalition government . This means that Modi will not be able to run the third term as he wants, and in India's seven-phase election from April 19 to June 1, Modi's party, BJP, was limited to 240 seats. Before that, in the elections held in 2014 and 2019, BJP won 272 seats required for government formation.

South Asian countries Pakistan and Bangladesh also held elections this year. Political tension increased with disputed elections in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Because of this, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Hasina, was forced to flee the country.

Similarly, in Pakistan, former Prime Minister Imran Khan was sentenced to three years in prison on charges related to gifts received from Tosakhana (a government-owned department). In addition to that, the Election Commission of Pakistan declared Khan ineligible for election contest for five years . Lately, the supporters of his party Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) have been protesting against Khan for political revenge.

Similarly, Lai Ching-te (William Lai) of the pro-independence ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) won the presidency in Taiwan. The DPP led by him is in favor of Taiwan becoming independent from China. Chinese President Xi Jinping has been repeating that "it is inevitable to merge Taiwan into China".

Through the elections held this year, Mexico got its first female president . 61-year-old Claudia Seinbaum Pardo, the former mayor of Mexico City, was elected president on June 2, 2024.

Indonesia and Venezuela, which are rich in natural resources, also held elections this year. Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. Provo Suvianto was elected president in February elections. For Western countries including America, he is a headache.

has become a topic of great interest. Especially the popularity of ex-general Prabowo Subianto, who is on the "black list" of America, has become a headache for the American leadership. Suharto-era journalist Subianto was denied a visa by the US due to allegations of human rights abuses.

The elections held in Venezuela last July were very controversial. It was announced that long-time president Nicolas Maduro had been elected for a third term. But after widespread rigging in the election and the counting of votes not being made public, protests began.

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse thousands of protesters in the capital Caracas and other cities. According to Human Rights Watch, at least 23 protesters were killed. Maduro blamed the protests on his political opponents and foreign powers for trying to destabilize the South American country. Although he said that he will count the votes and make the data public, it has not been done yet.

Similarly, elections were held for 751 seats in the European Parliament this year. About 400 million people under the European Union elected representatives . Similarly, elections were held in South Korea, New Zealand, South Africa, El Salvador, Mali, Senegal, Iran and other countries this year.

Hasina's exit

Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina won the controversial election last January. But after the nationwide demonstration of student leadership in July and August, 77-year-old Hasina was forced to leave the country. With the end of the 16-year-long rule, Hasina is living in exile in India.

With his exit, an interim government has been formed under the leadership of Nobel Prize winner Muhammad Yunus. Lately, Bangladesh has been making efforts to bring back Hasina . The Dhaka-based International Criminal Tribunal (ICT) has also issued arrest warrants for Hasina and various ministers, advisers, and military officers of her tenure in the case of "crimes against humanity and genocide".

Yunus, who assumed office on August 8, claimed that during the protest against the Hasina government, about 1,500 people, including students and workers, were killed and 19,931 people were injured. Hasina has been accusing the Yunus-led interim government of committing "genocide" in Bangladesh and failing to protect minorities including Hindus.

The power of the people seen in Korea

South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol was impeached after the implementation of "martial law" during the crisis. President Yun, along with South Korea, imposed martial law on December 3, shocking the world community. But Yun was forced to withdraw martial law within hours after opposition from political parties, including his own People's Power Party (PPP), and the public.

Shortly after the president announced martial law, South Korean political parties and lawmakers immediately declared Yun's announcement illegal and unconstitutional. Even the leaders of Yunkai's party PPP said that the President's move was wrong. In addition, opposition Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung called on lawmakers to gather in parliament to vote against the president's announcement. After the

, MPs voted against the President's decision in a vote in Parliament. President Yun's declaration was declared invalid after all 190 MPs present in parliament voted against martial law. After the majority of the 300-member parliament made the decision, President Yun was forced to reverse his decision.

The South Korean parliament has passed the impeachment motion against President Eun Suk Yeol. With the passing of the impeachment motion, President Yun was automatically suspended from office . The final decision on impeachment will be made by the nine-member Constitutional Court. If 6 of them are in favor of impeachment, the presidency will be vacant. Within 60 days of that, there is an election to elect a new president.

With Yoon suspended, Prime Minister Han Duk-soo became acting president . But after Acting President Han refused to appoint a judge nominated by the main opposition Democratic Party to the Constitutional Court, the Parliament passed the impeachment against him as well.

The fall of Assad in Syria

President Bashar al-Assad, who has been ruling Syria for 24 years, was also forced to flee the country this year. Assad rebels, who have been brutally oppressing the people for years in the name of suppressing the armed rebellion, fled to Moscow after taking control of the capital Damascus.

Since the suppression of the 2011 uprising, Assad has been facing the challenge of the rebels . Russia and Iran were in favor of him while America was against. Both sides have been bombing Syrian settlements under the pretext of defeating each other. But recently, Assad was in crisis after the rebels gained influence.

The Islamist Hayat Tahrir al-Sam (HTS), which has only captured Idlib in the border region with Turkey, has taken control of Damascus after Aleppo and Homs.

About five million people have died in the civil war in Syria for more than a decade. More than 30,000 of them are children. About half of the population of Syria, which has a population of about 2.5 million, has been displaced in one way or another.

Assad became the head of state of Syria on July 17, 2000. On June 10, 2000, on the same day that his father, Hafiz al-Assad died, the way for Asad to become president was opened by amending the constitution and making it 34 years instead of 40. Assad, known as a reformist leader, later became a dictator under the pretext of suppressing the opposition.

Plane crashes in South Korea and Azerbaijan

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India-Canada Terminate Story

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