Lumbini is an important province in the central part of Nepal. In terms of topography, this province is spread over Terai, Bhawar, Chure, Madhyapahari and high mountain areas. Lumbini is considered to be historically, culturally, religiously and commercially important.

The birthplace of Gautama Buddha, Lumbini has become a center of international religious tourism. Agriculture, industry, tourism, water resources and trade are the major economic sources here. Ethnically, linguistically and culturally diverse people live here.

Almost two-thirds of Lumbini's population have adopted agriculture as their main source of livelihood. 29 percent of the total area is cultivable. 82.2 percent of the total arable land is engaged in agricultural activities. 

The agricultural sector has contributed 29.6 percent to the province's domestic gross domestic product. The share of the population engaged in agriculture is 57.4 percent. Irrigation facilities are available in 55.7 percent of the total irrigable land of the province and this facility is available in 35 percent of the land for twelve months. There are seven industries operating in Lumbini related to manufacturing, service and tourism sectors with foreign investment.

The number of large, micro, domestic and small scale industries is expanding here. The province has started the establishment of Motipur Industrial Area in Ruppandehi and Nauvasta Industrial Area in Banke for the expansion of industrial area. Out of 60 cement industries established and operating in Nepal, 45 are in Lumbini. 1 trillion 30 billion 325 million rupees loan has been provided to the industrial sector of Lumbini from banks and financial institutions. 

This province accounts for 17.6 percent of Nepal's total mining and 0.4 percent of the province's gross domestic product. There are 18 types of metallic minerals, 19 types of non-metallic minerals, 7 types of gemstones, 3 types of fuel minerals, 7 types of cosmetic minerals and stones, sand and clay used in construction. 

Historically, archaeologically, religiously, culturally and naturally, Lumbini has abundant tourism potential. Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, which is included in the world heritage list, has tourist spots like Tilaurakot, Ramgram, Ranimehal, Ruru area, Resunga, Supadeurali, Swargadwari, Baharkune, Dharapani.

There are also major tourist destinations like Bardia and Banke National Parks, Dhorpatan Game Reserve, Krishnasar Conservation Area. Sisne Himal, Putha Himal, Tatopani springs and various lakes, waterfalls and natural caves are also attractions of the province. The role of education infrastructure is important for the overall development of the country. 

Lumbini has a literacy rate of 78.08 percent. In which, male literacy rate is 85.18 percent and female literacy rate is 71.66 percent. The school dropout rate is 3.9 percent at the primary level and 6.7 percent at the secondary level. Lumbini has an infant mortality rate (under 5 years, per thousand live births) of 41, an infant mortality rate (per thousand live births) of 21, and a maternal mortality rate (per million live births) of 207. Among children under five years of age, the rate of stunting is 25 percent, the rate of obesity is 16 percent and the rate of underweight is 19 percent.   

Transport infrastructure is an important foundation for economic and social development. There is a total road network of 15 thousand 76 km including national, provincial and local roads. Out of which, the provincial road is 4,543 km. 22.6 percent of the roads constructed are black-paved roads. Similarly, 1,339 Jholunge Bridges have been completed while Lumbini Cable Car (2.6 km) and Siddharth Cable Car (1.94 km) are in operation. Siddhababa tunnel is under construction while Tulsipur-Luham, Babai-Chinchu, Dumkibas-Bardghat tunnels are under study. Electricity service is available in 93.7 percent of households and solar energy service is available in 4.7 percent of households. 

Lumbini is an important region of Nepal with historical, religious, geographical, economic and cultural diversity. It is an area with great potential in terms of natural resources, agricultural products, industrial promotion, tourism, trade, water resources and infrastructure development. Its geographical location, open border with India, international airport, strategic trade routes and fertile agricultural land, religious and picturesque tourist places are the main bases with potential for economic development.