The UML, which emerged as the largest party in the mid-term elections held in Kartik 2051 BS, ran the government for nine months. The Rastriya Prajatantra Party, which had been limited to three seats in 2048 BS, had won 20 MPs in the mid-term elections. The UML government, which was formed as the largest party under the leadership of Manmohan Adhikari, was toppled by parties including the Congress and the RPP through a no-confidence motion.

The Supreme Court overturned Adhikari's recommendation for mid-term elections after he tried to topple his government on Bhadra 12, 2052. After Adhikari was removed from the no-confidence motion, Congress parliamentary party leader Sher Bahadur Deuba became Prime Minister in Bhadra 12, 2052 with the support of the RPP.

The UML was very angry at the time that the Congress and RPP did not even give the then Prime Minister, who was undergoing treatment in the hospital, the opportunity to come to Parliament and respond, saying that they had toppled the government while it was doing good work. Adhikari, who was in a helicopter crash, had demanded to wait a few days to respond to the no-confidence motion presented by the opposition in Parliament.

After the opposition parties including the Congress replied that they could not wait, Adhikari gave his reply to the Parliament on television on Bhadra 25, 2052 from the Teaching Hospital in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. After trying many ways, Adhikari faced a no-confidence motion.

Mainly at that time, UML accused the opposition of trying to remove it from the government because it had brought a people-oriented program. Being a minority government, it was not in a position to face the majority opposition parties.

The 'ego' of having to leave the government was very much felt by UML leaders. In this background, since Deuba became Prime Minister, UML had been assuring that he could make him the Prime Minister by staying close to the RPP. A 'high command' consisting of KP Sharma Oli and Radhakrishna Mainali was formed to negotiate with UML. UML had already proposed making RPP leader Lokendra Bahadur Chand the Prime Minister. Since Chand agreed, UML had submitted a no-confidence motion against Deuba. A special session of the House of Representatives was started on Chaitra 7, 2052 to discuss the no-confidence motion.

Prime Minister's proposal causes extreme controversy in RPP

Some RPP MPs said that they should agree to the UML's no-confidence motion since their party would get the Prime Minister. Chand had informed them in the RPP meeting that the offer of the Prime Minister had come from UML. But RPP Chairman Surya Bahadur Thapa did not agree with it. The former Panchayats had contested the 2048 elections from the RPP (Thapa group) and the RPP (Chanda) group. There was also a rift within the RPP at that time due to the fact that there were two parties.

Chand and Thapa had been on different sides since the Panchayat period. Chand, who was appointed Prime Minister by the King as the last weapon during the 2046 People's Movement, did not want to lose the opportunity to lead the government even in a multi-party system. The Panchayats, who had removed the Chanda faction from the movement, were in favor of not losing the opportunity to become Prime Minister after 6 years. The RPP ministers in the Deuba cabinet were in favor of the no-confidence motion brought against them. The central members themselves were divided into the Thapa and Chand groups.

In the central committee meeting held on Chaitra 2052, 24 central members in the Thapa group and 17 in the Chand group stood for and against. This created a huge crisis in the RPP. The question of political ethics also arose when the ministers in the Deuba cabinet were ready to sign the no-confidence motion against themselves. But at that time, the issue of political honesty and ethics had become secondary in the eyes of the government. Since the country's largest party, UML, was going to provide the Prime Minister in the House of Representatives, it was natural for the former Panchas to seize the opportunity. Chand was the leader of the RPP parliamentary party.

The Chaitra 20 meeting held in Naxal lasted until midnight. But Chand finally boycotted the meeting and left at 5 pm. 16 central members of Chand's party left the meeting at 10 pm, saying that a decision should be made in favor of the no-confidence motion. The meeting chaired by Thapa had decided to issue a whip to the lawmakers at 12 pm to vote against the no-confidence motion with a majority of 24 central members.

Party Vice President and Agriculture Minister Padmasundar Lawati, who boycotted the meeting in favor of Chand, had demanded lobbying for a secret ballot in Parliament. He had demanded that the central committee meeting be immediately postponed. Lawati left after the meeting continued. Party General Secretary and Foreign Minister Prakash Chandra Lohani, however, said that the absence of 17 central members of Chand's group would not affect anything and said that the party would move forward. Lawati, however, had said that the party's vote in Parliament would be in favor and against. In the meeting, Chairman Thapa had said, ‘What will be our position when the mid-term elections are held? Will we remain in power or out? All central members should think. We should not make decisions in panic.’

Minister’s resignation and possibility of party split

Parliamentary party leader Chand had submitted a written proposal in the central committee meeting stating that the UML had decided to nominate him as the prime minister. But Chairman Thapa argued that it would be an institutional matter rather than an individual matter and that the Deuba-led government could be reformed. Thapa had indicated that the UML was trying to bring about a split in the party by putting forward individuals. The Chand group had indicated that the party could split by saying that 40 percent or 17 of the 41 members of the party’s central committee were in their favor. In the parliamentary party, there were 11 MPs in Thapa’s favor and 8 in Chand’s favor.

Slogans were raised in favor and against the leaders participating in the central committee meeting. The cadres in the security circle had warned the leaders to be careful while making decisions. Seeing the deteriorating security, the government had deployed more than a hundred riot police at the party office. Some cadres had stuck their hands through the car windows of General Secretary Pashupati Shumsher Rana and Rabindranath Sharma, who had gone to attend the meeting, and shouted that it would not be right if a decision was not made in favor of the no-confidence motion.

While the meeting was in progress, Chand had left saying that he was going to lunch. He was given security by the riot police. The leaders including Chand who left saying that they were going to have a 'lunch break' had disappeared throughout the day. The leaders of Chairman Thapa's side, however, had eaten at the party office. Chand and some central members had returned only at 5 pm. Chand had left after sitting in the meeting for a while. Ministers Kamal Thapa, Padmasundar Lawati, Minister of State Ramkrishna Acharya and Assistant Ministers Prem Bahadur Bhandari and Rajiv Parajuli in Deuba's cabinet were said to have resigned.

A special session of the House of Representatives was held on the same day to discuss the no-confidence motion. In the meeting, the leader of the main opposition party UML parliamentary party, Manmohan Adhikari, spoke about the justification for bringing a no-confidence motion against the government. He said that a special general convention had been called to remove the current Deuba government, which is a right-wing coalition of three factions. He argued that the no-confidence motion was appropriate because the government had failed.

Many leaders of the RPP were absent from the first day's meeting of the parliament. On 28 Falgun 2052, 86 members of the House of Representatives of the UML had submitted a petition to the King for a session under Article 53 (3) of the Constitution. The meeting was held accordingly. Speaker Ramchandra Poudel had scheduled the discussion on the no-confidence motion for Chaitra 9, 10 and 11, 2052. Three governments were formed in 6 years after the change in 2046.