The United People's Front Nepal, led by Dr. Baburam Bhattarai, had won 9 seats in the 2048 general election, having concluded that the parliamentary system was not in the country's interest. It did not participate in the mid-term elections. Therefore, the United People's Front was not represented in the House of Representatives formed after the parliamentary elections held on 29 Kartik 2051.

The central committee of the front had concluded that it would not participate in the elections. Agni Sapkota, a member of the front's politburo at the time, now recalls, 'It was clear that the parliamentary system could not bring about radical change. In a way, the mindset of armed rebellion had already been formed. But this matter had not been brought out.'

The front, which had practiced the parliamentary system for three and a half years after the 2048 election and boycotted the mid-term elections, was on the surface raising citizens' issues from the streets. On 17 Poush 2051, the front's central coordinator Dr. Baburam Bhattarai, leaders Krishna Bahadur Mahara and Pampha Bhusal had presented a 38-point demand to the then Prime Minister Manmohan Adhikari, including the abrogation of the 1950 treaty between Nepal and India. The team had divided the demands into nationality, people's livelihood and democracy.

Congratulating Prime Minister Adhikari on his 100th day of the formation of the first communist government in the country, the team demanded that the Tanakpur Treaty be revoked, that Indian vehicles be stopped from entering Nepal, that the incident of Indian police entering Baneshwor and raiding a person's house in 2050 Chaitra be investigated and that a situation be created in which foreign troops and police cannot enter Nepal, that work permits be implemented for foreign workers, that foreign recruitment centers be closed and employment arrangements made within the country, and that an end be made to imperialist and expansionist culture and encroachment. At that time, especially the communist parties used to raise the issue of the 1950 treaty with India and the work permit very loudly. Even though the issue of 'work permit' was said to be for foreign workers, it was against India. The issue was also included in the demands of the Janamorcha.

Similarly, demands such as repealing repressive laws including the Security Act, conducting a fair investigation into the murder of Ramvriksha Sah and taking action, searching for and taking action against those killed and disappeared during the Panchayat period and the Congress government, taking action against corrupt and murderers in the Panchayat, ending discrimination between castes including Dalits, confiscating the land of feudal lords and distributing it to squatters, providing unemployment allowance, fixing a minimum wage for workers, and freeing the poor from debt were presented to Prime Minister Adhikari. Sapkota recalls, ‘We knew that the demand would not be fulfilled. But we had submitted our views to Prime Minister Adhikari in writing. The meeting held in Kathmandu had already discussed boycotting the elections and engaging in armed rebellion.’