The history of Nepal is the history of movement. Looking at the world history and the example of other countries, common people took the movement as the main means of change in our country. There were repeated protests for the form of power, the structure of the government, the structure of the constitution and the rights of the people.

But, why none of these movements could bring about the transformation that the people wanted? Why is there still poverty, unemployment, scarcity and inequality in the country? Why are Nepali youth forced to go abroad in search of normal employment? Who will find the answer to these questions? If anyone has the answers to these questions why not listen? If it is heard, then why we could not do the necessary work? Who are we in the situation we are in today? Why is our country stuck in the swamp for centuries?

My grandfather passed away before I was born. But the grandfather generation used to tell the story of the 2007 revolution. While telling the story, I could see in their eyes the story of passion, enthusiasm and sacrifice of that time. They used to say, 'We thought, now the country will change, everyone's life will improve.' But, how quickly that hope turned into disappointment. That too was heard from their mouths. As I grew up listening to those stories, the question that comes to my mind is - Who made my grandfather's generation want to change? But we probably looked for an easy answer. As a result, the Nepali society blamed it on the Shah Dynasty monarchy.

Then came the mass movement of 2046. I was a small child. But the commotion around that time is sometimes still remembered. With the strength of the movement, multi-party democracy came to the country. But there was no significant change in people's lives. My father used to say, 'We struggled a lot for change, stayed in jail, but the fruits of change did not reach the hands of the people.'

The violent Maoist war that started in 2052 further pushed our generation into fear, insecurity and uncertainty. It created a situation of having to hide in fear while reading and writing. Gunshots in the village at night, army patrols during the day and panic in every house. Republic came to the country through a peaceful people's movement after a long decade of terrible darkness. But again the expected change in people's life did not come. Disputes between political parties, factionalism and the struggle for power have turned people's hopes into disappointment.

What I have seen in all these movements is that there was participation, sacrifice and hope of the people, but those who reached the leadership could not understand those feelings. The energy, enthusiasm and dreams of the movement were confined to paper documents. After every movement, a new constitution, a new government, a new policy were made, but the irresponsibility and weakness of the leadership was seen in their implementation.

Not only in Nepal, the movement in many countries of the world has not always brought good results. Millions of people dreamed of freedom during the Arab Spring, but the result was civil war, displacement and despair. Despite some democratic reforms in Tunisia, the Muslim Brotherhood came to power after the fall of Mubarak in Egypt, but within a few years there was a military coup and a harsher regime. In Libya and Syria, civil wars have devastated the country, displaced millions of citizens and made people's lives more difficult.

Russia's Bolshevik revolution, Iran's Islamic revolution, Hong Kong's movement—looking and thinking about all these, I think that the movement is only a tool for power change. Change is not guaranteed. Russia's Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 ended Tsarist rule and established the Soviet Union. However, the decade that followed is a story of millions of deaths, oppression and deprivation.

In the name of revolution, the freedom of the people was limited and the centralization of power gave birth to a new type of dictatorship. After the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in ​​the 1979 revolution of Iran, the Islamic Republic was established. However, the regime that followed became more harsh, intolerant and repressive. The slogans of freedom and equality raised during the revolution could not be implemented in practice. The recent protests in Hong Kong have also caught the world's attention. But China's strong intervention suppressed the movement and further curtailed civil liberties. The main basis for the success of the

movement is to be able to institutionalize its achievement. If the changes brought about by the movement are not rooted in the legal, administrative and social structures, they will be temporary. In history, there are many examples of the failure of the country due to the lack of institutionalization of the movement, even though it seems that the movement was successful in many countries.

First, lack of institutional reform leads to political instability. For example, after the Arab Spring protests, stability did not come to most countries except Tunisia. After the uprising in Egypt, Mubarak fell, but the military regime returned within a few years due to the failure to bring about a new constitution, legal reforms and changes in the institutional structure.

People's hopes turned to despair again and instability, violence and division grew in the country. Similarly, in Libya and Syria, the movement overthrew the old regime, but the country fell into civil war because it could not create a new institutional structure. After the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya, a permanent constitution could not be formed, a strong administrative structure could not be established and the conflict between various armed groups pushed the country towards fragmentation. In Syria, the movement turned into a civil war, displaced millions of civilians, and destroyed the very fabric of the country.

The lack of institutional reform also has a serious impact on economic development. After the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, a new regime came to the Soviet Union, but instead of institutional reform, there was a centralization of power. The legal, administrative and economic structures continued to function in the same pattern. As a result, people's freedoms were limited, economic deprivation, corruption and oppression increased. Eventually the Soviet Union itself disintegrated.

Even in the case of Nepal, after the movement, there was talk of a new constitution, federalism and inclusive governance, but the necessary institutional reforms could not be implemented to implement them in practice. Political parties did not want a change in centralized structure. The delay in the implementation of federalism, ambiguity in the administrative structure and weakness in the legal reforms did not bring the expected improvement in the lives of the people. As a result, public frustration has increased and political instability has continued. If the future is uncertain, the path to the future is dark. 

Lack of institutional reform also promotes social division and conflict. An example can be taken from South Sudan. Independence was achieved after a long struggle, but the failure to create a new constitution, legal framework and inclusive governance system led to increased ethnic conflict, corruption and violence. The country again fell into civil war and life became more difficult for the people.

Another important aspect of institutional reform is ensuring the judicial system, human rights and good governance. If after the movement judicial reform, protection of human rights and transparent  If the administrative structure cannot be created, people's trust will be lost. For example, in Zimbabwe, a new government came in after the independence movement, but the lack of institutional reforms led to corruption, repression and economic crisis, which led the country to the list of failed states.

Lack of institutional reform also hinders long-term development. Improving education, health, infrastructure and job creation requires strong policies, transparent implementation and accountable institutions. If the achievements of the movement remain only on paper, the lives of the people will not improve in practice. The common people fall into despair again. They automatically start trying to see if there is any other option. Because of this, apolitical aspects and tendencies gain a place. At the same time comes the time of political vacuum through strife. This easily leads the country to the path of conflict. Economic development and harmony becomes a slogan. which everyone abuses. 

In short, if the change brought by the movement cannot be institutionalized, that change is only temporary. Political instability, economic crisis, social division and development are hindered. The country may be listed as a failed nation. Therefore, long-term thinking, clear strategy, strong institutions and continuous participation of the people are necessary to make the movement successful.

In the context of Nepal, especially after the Gen-G movement, the need is to transform the energy and achievements of the movement into long-term development through institutional reform. Otherwise, the story of the movement will only become a page of history, it will not improve the lives of the people.

All these examples and experiences remind us again and again that the vacancy, factionalism, external interference and social division that come after the movement lose the achievement of the movement. Many aspects play a role in the success of a movement, such as: leadership, strategy, institutional structure, people's participation, external intervention and social and economic complexity, etc. 

After every movement in Nepal, there is great hope in the people - now there will be change, now there will be improvement in our lives. However, each time that hope has turned into disappointment. I have personally felt the passion, enthusiasm and hope in the movement. However, after the movement is successful, those who come to the leadership lack the experience of governing, long-term thinking and inclusive approach. It is challenging to implement the issues raised during the agitation. If those who have reached the leadership cannot convert the energy of the movement and the hopes of the people into institutional reform, the meaning of the movement will be lost.

Political change came in Nepal through the movement, but economic change never came. Economically, the country could not hold the road. As a result, the environment was created for another movement. After the 2062/63 movement, we made a new constitution, but its implementation was weak. Political parties have failed in issues like implementation of the constitution, federalism, inclusiveness, good governance and economic development. Mistrust, factionalism and power struggles between political parties blocked the path to long-term reform.

From the economic point of view, the people's living standards do not seem to have improved significantly after the movement. After every movement, unemployment has increased, youths have been forced to go abroad and the economic condition of the country remains the same. Young people have gone to Gulf countries, Malaysia, Korea, Japan, Europe and America in search of employment. Only the elderly, women and children remain in the village. The slogans of economic reforms raised during the

movement could not be implemented in practice. Every government's policy was limited to paper only. Industrial development, agricultural modernization, infrastructure development, job creation, improvement in education and health—all these were confined to speeches and manifestos.

Looking at the economic situation of Nepal, the economic growth rate in a decade after the promulgation of the constitution is only 4.1 percent on average. There is a lack of employment opportunities for the youth. Private sector development has been hampered by structural weaknesses, corruption, high trade and transport costs and inadequate infrastructure. As a result, economic growth is slower than other countries. The youth unemployment rate has reached 22.7 percent, the highest in South Asia. The lack of employment has led to increased dependence on foreign employment and remittances, which account for nearly a quarter of the gross domestic product (GDP). Industrial production is declining, agriculture is traditional, dependence on imports is increasing and exports 

is falling. The country's economy depends on remittances. Millions of young people are forced to emigrate every year. The country's economy is powered by the remittances they send. But the infrastructure, industry and jobs needed for long-term economic development have not been created. There is no production in the village as it used to be, the fields are barren, there are no industrialists, and you have to pay bribes to get government services. Health and education are expensive. City life is expensive. Village life is hard.

Seeing all this, every Nepalese feels despair, but hope does not die. Because, the energy of the movement, the people's participation and the desire for change are still there. Everyone wants the country to convert the energy, enthusiasm and dreams of the movement into long-term reforms. May future generations and children hear the story of prosperity, peace and justice, not the story of the movement. Long-term thinking, clear strategy, strong institutions, inclusive leadership and continuous participation of the people are necessary to make the movement successful. Otherwise, the movement may lead to despair rather than hope, instability rather than reform, and regression rather than progress. The history of Nepal has shown that the movement can bring down the old power, but there is no guarantee that the new system can improve the people's lives.

Due to the Gen-G movement, the country experienced massive social unrest like never before. After the decision to ban social media, anti-corruption protests led to widespread unrest, causing huge human and economic losses. After this incident, an interim government has been formed in the country, the main purpose of which is to hold elections. The easier it is to create a

movement, the harder it is to institutionalize its achievements. We have seen this difficulty closely in the history of Nepal. Many countries are becoming weaker due to not being able to properly institutionalize the achievements of revolutions and movements in different periods. Failing to institutionalize the achievements of the

movement will break the social, economic and political structure of the country, so that the state itself may even reach a state of collapse. In order to strengthen the state in the twenty-first century, the political system should be established and the structure and foundation of economic development should be built simultaneously. The Gen-G movement has brought new hope and energy, but the question and concern is in the mind of every Nepali that we will not fail again to institutionalize the achievement.