The political history of Nepal is full of quagmire. It is the close relatives of the government who have been trying for centuries to ensnare Dhap. As the current political and economic momentum is heading towards the abyss, it is the responsibility of the political leadership to save it from this. After getting into the steam, it gets buried and cannot come out. The "swamp" that looks soft to the common eye, but which is difficult to identify with the eyes of power and interests, has covered every area.

Due to the power and influence of the political swamps, the swamps of other areas have become secondary . It seems that Nepal is moving towards a quagmire due to adverse external conditions, volatile internal politics, burning interests, distorted social networks and media, low-level administrative system performance, unwise use of natural resources, and collection and use of public resources.

It is a natural process to discuss and pass a bill in the legislative parliament or committee. Parliament's job is to make laws. But a controversy has arisen that the provision of two years 'cooling period' of the Civil Service Bill which is said to have been passed by the parliamentary committee has been placed in the bill differently from the one passed by the committee. Inconsistencies have also been seen in the Abuse of Authority Investigation Bill, Water Resources Bill and Electricity Bill. Such a situation has increased distrust towards political, administrative and legal institutions and has given the impression that they are falling into a quagmire. 

Former Prime Ministers, Ministers, People's Representatives and Officials of Union, State and Local Governments are being sued in the court on charges of corruption . As the political crisis deepens, the people are worried about the economic and social consequences of the crisis. The general public is worried and disappointed that there may be more crises when politics follows the past misdeeds and leads to a quagmire due to the decline in good governance, accountability and ethics.

There was a belief among the public that Nepal would set a path of prosperity through the political and economic leap of 2047. But the cycle created by the leadership's immediate selfishness, confusion, and pride has sparked conflict among themselves.

The people leading the government have repeatedly done the task of dissolving the parliament, which the people cannot take easily. It has helped to bog down politics. The dissolution of parliament in 2017, 2051, 2059, the dissolution of the first Constituent Assembly in 2069 and the failed attempts to dissolve parliament in 2052, 2054, 2077 and 2078 are the keys that push politics towards instability and quagmire. The leadership is inspired by their selfishness and uses the elected parliament for their own purposes by hurting the public trust and creates fear and panic and hurts the democracy itself .

Shah and Rana reign

King Prithvi Narayan Shah started the unification of Nepal by conquering Kathmandu Valley in 1825. During the expansion of the state in 1872, the border of Nepal reached Mechipari Teesta in the east and Kumaon Garhwal Kangra in the west.

Due to the political quagmire, the 9-point Sugauli Treaty signed with the East India Company government in November 1872 when Bhimsen Thapa was Mukhtiar during the King Girvan War was approved between the two governments on February 23, 1872. Due to the inability to protect the extended area in the east and west, the Sugauli Treaty had to be concluded and Nepal had to lose more than one-third of its territory from this treaty. After 9 months of the treaty, the territory of Terai and Banke, Bardia, Kailali, Kanchanpur company were returned to Nepal in 1917. The border dispute with India is still to be resolved in some places including Lipulek, Susta. Although there were trade relations with Tibet, there was also a war at that time. 

Shah Raja administered the government with the advice of Bhardar, Chautara, Qazi and Sardar. Conspiracies, fights and conflicts were going on continuously in the palace for the fulfillment of their own interests and power of Bhai Bhardars. In 1855, King Ran Bahadur Shah became Vanprastha Swami, in 1857 he went to Kashivas and stayed as a refugee of the East India government, in 1863 he was killed by his brother's sword in a court meeting known as Bhandar Khal Parv, and in 1903 he was made Mukhtiyar, Prime Minister and Commander in Chief by Raja Rajendra Vikram. It is sad evidence of political quagmire to run the Rana regime by taking the title of Shri 3 Maharaj.

From Jung Bahadur Rana to Mohanshamsher (1903-2007), the Shah kings were kept in Khopa. The family Rana reign lasted 104 years . The power of guns, conspiracies within the palace, family interests and ingenuity continued to rule. Innocent ordinary people are drowning in the swamp of power. During the reign of Rana, Jung Bahadur ruled for 30 years, Chandrashamsher for 28 years, Birshamsher for 15 years and Juddhashamsher for 104 years. Lakhan Thapa, the first martyr of Nepal who opposed Jung Bahadur who started Rana rule, was hanged in 1933. In 1997, Juddhashamsher hanged and shot Shukraraj Shastri, Gangalal Shrestha, Dashrath Chand, Dharmabhakta Mathema, who were active in the democratic movement, to suppress the growing opposition to the Rana regime. In the year 2004, with the intention of suppressing public protests, Padma Shamsher issued a statutory law to the Government of Nepal. It was repealed by the Interim Government Act of 2007 .

The establishment and dissolution of democracy

In the interim government constitution issued by King Tribhuvan after the people's revolution of 2007, it was resolved that the government would be governed according to the democratic constitution made by the legislative council chosen by the people, but it was not implemented . In 2015, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal was issued by King Mahendra. Raja Mahendra dissolved the democratically elected parliament in December 2017. The king overthrew the government of the elected Prime Minister BP Koirala with military force and took the power in his hands by keeping the Prime Minister in jail. Leaders-activists who fought for democracy were jailed or exiled to India. BP Koirala was released from prison in 2025 and remained in exile in India until 2033.

While in exile in India, India usurped Sikkim and annexed it. The visionary nationalist democratic leader BP Koirala returned to the country with a policy of national reconciliation in 2033, regardless of the treason case against him, proclaiming that the king's neck and his own neck were one. BP Koirala, a true nationalist and advocate of democracy in the history of Nepal, was able to keep the freedom and independence of Nepal intact until now with the courage, vision, patriotism and duty towards the nation.

Independent Panchayat system

In 2019, Mahendra issued the constitution of Nepal to implement the independent Panchayat system. Democratic Nepali Congress and Communist parties joined the opposition to the non-partisan Panchayat system . Some leaders of the democratic and communist parties supported the king and joined the panchayat system. 

As time went by, the number of people joining the independent system was increasing due to tiredness or position, temptation, power interests. But with the continuous struggle of the leaders-activists who were steadfast in sacrifice, sacrifice and loyalty for democracy, the people's anger towards the Panchayat system increased. As a result, King Birendra held a referendum on the issue of non-party panchayat system or multi-party system in 2036. In the plebiscite, 54.79 percent of the votes were in favor of the panchayat system and 45.21 percent were in favor of the multi-party system.

Visionary BP Koirala expressed his acceptance of the majority of the referendum despite the allegations that the vote was rigged. The Panchayat system continued. But the opposition was increasing at the public level.

A multi-party system with a constitutional monarchy

A peaceful satyagraha took place in 2042 . In the year 2046, the democrats and the communists jointly did a massive mass movement. This movement called for the end of the non-party panchayat system and the adoption of a multi-party system with a constitutional monarchy. By accepting the belief that the people are the source of state power, a Hindu constitutional monarchy multi-party system was issued by King Birendra in 2047.

The 2047 constitution resolved the dispute over the source of state power, which has been strongly rising since the advent of democracy in 2007. Due to the lack of visionary leadership, political instability and the start of the Maoist armed conflict in 2052, the country fell into a political quagmire. Raja Birendra along with his family was massacred on 19 May 2058. On 22nd May 2058, Gyanendra became king for the second time. After King Tribhuvan took refuge in India in 2007, his grandson Gyanendra Shah, a 3-year-old boy, became the first king.

There was a belief among the public that Nepal would set a path of prosperity through the political and economic leap of 2047. But the cycle created by the leadership's immediate selfishness, confusion, and pride has sparked conflict among themselves. The disputes within the parties did not get resolved, politics got stuck in the swamp . Party governments were formed and dissolved time and again. The top leadership level was active in killing the post of Prime Minister. No one paid attention to making the people's livelihood easier. Lack of focus on production, income, employment, service facilities and governance has increased frustration among the youth . The Maoist armed conflict was gaining momentum. The poor security situation has increased migration from rural areas to urban areas and abroad. Economic activity, industrial production, foreign aid decreased . About 17 thousand Nepalis died in the Maoist conflict. 

A decade of transition and instability

From a political and economic point of view, the significant growth brought about by the change of 2047 in the industry, business, and economic sectors could not be continued . A decade from 2052 was marked by armed conflict, instability and government bargaining. In February 2061, King Gyanendra directly took over the government. The massive popular movement of 2062/63 forced the King to restore Parliament in 2063 Baisakh. In November 2063, a comprehensive peace agreement was signed between the government of Nepal and the Maoists. The military and arms management and monitoring agreement prepared under the witness of the detailed peace agreement and the UN representative was made part of the interim constitution of Nepal and the interim constitution prepared on the basis of political consensus was released on 1 January 2063. After the promulgation of the interim constitution, King Gyanendra remained silent like a citizen. The 240-year-old monarchy was legally ended after the first Constituent Assembly elected by the people on 15th June 2065 declared Nepal a republic.

The interim constitution of 2063 succeeded in ending the Maoist conflict, establishing the republic and holding two elections for the Constituent Assembly. But due to constitutional transition instability, the introduction of federalism and policy deviations, this decade was also wasted as some policy and economic reform concepts that were carried out for development and prosperity in 2047 did not continue. 

The decade of the republican constitution 

The Second Constituent Assembly following some concepts of the Interim Constitution, 2063 has basically issued the Constitution of Nepal 2072 covering the issues of 7 Federal Provinces, the end of class, caste and regional discrimination, adopting a federal multi-party democratic governance system in building a proportional inclusive and egalitarian society and being committed to socialism . The concept of 'socialism oriented' has become like a story of Ekadesh . Almost a decade has passed since the constitution made by the Constituent Assembly came into force. But even in the meantime, people's frustration is increasing as the party and party leaders are active in the struggle for power. 17 years after the formal end of the monarchy, Gyanendra has called upon the countrymen to support him. After this call, there has been a fight between the republicanists and the monarchists in the House and also in the streets.