Last month, Budhodaya Savings and Credit Cooperative Society located in Biratnagar-4 conducted a three-day training on producing pesticide-free vegetables under the 'Vishadimukt Vansha Abhiyan'.

He also gave a lot of information to his 50 members belonging to the cooperative about the use of local plants to protect the vegetables and fruits produced in Kousi and Karesabari from pests. On the second day of the

training, this rower also had the opportunity to tell the participants that the organic fertilizer required for producing pesticide-free vegetables in Kausi and Karesabari can be made by reusing the waste from their own kitchen. Some of the participants in the program told that they have been producing vegetables in Kausi and Karesabari traditionally. Most of the participants in the training were also concerned that they did not know well that green waste and ripe waste from the kitchen can be reused. 

In the three-day training, where there were more women farmers of all age groups than men, some male participants told their experience that it was difficult to produce organic vegetables in Kausi and Karesabari despite not knowing well about fertilizers, soil and pesticides. Especially whether it is kousi or karesabari - although there is not much information about the organic fertilizers and jhol fertilizers required for vegetable production, even though most of the city dwellers do not have karesabari, kousi remains barren. Yes, it is not that difficult to make organic manure and bag manure from the two types of kitchen waste. For this, first of all, it is necessary to keep two separate dishes to keep the raw i.e. green waste and the morning-evening leftover food. 

In this way, to make organic fertilizer and bag fertilizer from the organic waste classified from the kitchen, i.e., from the source, first, green waste can be cut into small pieces and mixed with soil and placed in a pot or grow bag, then such raw waste can be placed around the planted plants. Similarly, in order to make jhol compost from green waste, one corner of the kousi needs a bucket with two lids, or a colored vessel. Similarly, small holes should be made in the lid of the bottom pot, and small holes should also be made in the back of the pot that is placed on top of the other. Similarly, a small hole should be made on one side of the bottom pot and a bucket or bucket with a large mouth should be placed directly below the hole to collect the green material that comes out of the hole. The above vessel should also be covered so that excess rain water does not enter. 

In this way, the raw waste placed in the above vessel starts to rot in a few days and the liquid substance starts leaking from it. The Jhol material should be collected and mixed with one part Jhol fertilizer and four parts normal water and applied to the plants at intervals of two to four days. Similarly, after mixing the ripe food with dry soil and drying it in the sun for a few days, the waste turns into soil. Such soil can be reused by planting new plants and mixing with new soil. This way you don't need new soil every time you plant. 

It has been more than a decade and a half that I have been producing seasonal vegetables and fruits in Kousi Farms using similar homemade methods. Not only that, for the past few years, I have also been playing the role of a facilitator in the training related to Kausi and Karesabari. I have also observed my Kausi cultivation to various trainees. 

In my garden, I have started growing not only different kinds of chillies, but also melons that grow in the garden. Also, since I am a science student, it has become easy for my undergraduate students to learn lively and practical teaching by observing Kausi farming one day a week along with theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge. 

Especially in Kousi and Karesabari, most of the city dwellers are ignorant about the fertilizer and soil required for producing organic vegetables or fruits, and the related agencies and their officials also seem to be ignorant about the role and importance of Kousi and Karesabari in the promotion of urban agriculture. Due to these and some other reasons, urban agriculture is being overshadowed.  It is also a

. Due to these and some other reasons, the dependence on vegetable products which are not necessary for human health is increasing rapidly. Recently, some literate city dwellers have been producing organic vegetables and fruits in their kousi and karesabari unknowingly and some of them have even posted the vegetables and fruits they have produced on social media. However, only a few are interested in these and such matters.