Mao of Nepali Communist Movement was Comrade Pushpalal. Another living comrade, Mohan Vikram Singh, who once wrote 'Gaddar Pushpalal', has written in recent times while evaluating Pushpalal, "In fact, Pushpalal, who spent his life in the same movement after establishing the Communist Party of Nepal, fought uncompromisingly till the end of his life in the struggle against the monarchy." We are of the view that we should respect his contribution, dedication and sacrifice, and pay tribute to him. Declaring Pushpalal a traitor was a mistake, we corrected it later' (Ratopati, 7 July 2077).

Dr. General Secretary led the majority. The mainstream party of Kesharjung Rayamazhi (where I happened to be organized myself) held Pushpalal responsible for the split of the communist movement into many parts. .

Mohanvikram Singh, Jhapali agitators did not only insult or devalue Pushpalal, Modnath Prasrit, Jeevraj Ashrit, Madan Bhandari and Vamdev Gautam separated from the cultural front called Muktimorcha, which was formed under the leadership of Pushpalal himself and Yuddhprasad Mishra, who saw the cultural and intellectual divide of the party, and joined the Coordination Center (COK) by insulting Pushpalal. 

At that time, the late comrade Qamar Shah was considered to be an expert in Marxist philosophy in Kathmandu. While he was conducting worker training, I asked, 'Comrade Pushpalal was really a subversive in the communist movement, wasn't he ?' The gentlemanly-looking Shah frowned and asked me, 'Who told you such a thing?' Theoretical-ideological contradictions continue to appear in the party. Minority and majority in issues. If there are too many theoretical and ideological contradictions and cannot be resolved, there will be division. As the party led by Lenin was also divided. Many of his friends, including him, chose division in the communist movement. But they could not stop the division even within themselves.' 

I didn't want to prolong the debate by seeing the emotions of other trainee friends and coach Shah himself. I got curious about Comrade Pushpalal and his thoughts. 

Comrade Pushpalal and ideological differences

Martyr Gangalal's brother Maila Bhai was - Comrade Pushpalal . Gangalal was a member of the Praja Parishad which started the first anti-Rana movement. Nepali Congress vs. It was organized in 2003 . Comrade Pushpalal got organized in that party for the first time. But soon he became disillusioned with the Congress. At the young age of 22, he translated the first communist manifesto with 20-22 pages of Nepali political movement, needs of the working class and a review and introduction. Realizing the need for a communist movement in Nepal for the liberation of the working class, he joined with other friends during his stay in India. Founded the Communist Party in 2006 (1949). 32 years after the Soviet revolution and one month before the completion of the Chinese revolution, the Communist Party was formed in Nepal under his leadership.

But the communist movement of Nepal became directly affected by neither the Russian nor the Chinese revolution. Rather, it seems to have been largely influenced by the parliamentarianism of the Communist Party of India through the lines of the parliamentarianism of the Communist Party of Great Britain . After the 2007 movement led by the Nepali Congress, the entire politics of Nepal was oriented towards parliamentarism. Naturally, the Communist Party of Nepal under the leadership of Pushpalal put forward the demand that the strategy of the time should be parliamentary democracy, keeping in mind the economic-social environment, class consciousness, struggle environment, etc. However, the democratic republic was Comrade Pushpalal's bottom line .

Comrade Pushpalal thought that extreme left wing and extreme right wing can dominate the communist movement and it is necessary to protect the movement from them. Needless to say, the communist movement became popular in a short period of time. One by one, educated celebrities joined the movement. Like Manmohan Adhikari, Shailendra Prasad Upadhyay, DP Adhikari, Tulsi Lal Amatya, Dr. Kesharjung Rayamazhi, Bishnu Bahadur Manandhar etc' (Tank Karki, 20 August 2079, 'Communist') . In fact, most of these comrades who joined later were of a theoretical ideological eloquence but of a nature of not taking risks where necessary and scheming where unnecessary .

vs. In the name of the revolution of 2007, the then CPN opposed the tripartite agreement between Rana-Raja-Congress under Indian mediation . When the Chinese revolution was completed, it was not strange that India, which believes in the world power nation America and the parliamentary system, should keep an eye on the leaders and activists of the Nepali Communist Party, so that its proposals do not reach Nepal. The communist party was banned in the nascent democracy due to the power of the conspiracies of how to replace the party with a radical program.

In the name of lifting the ban, when it came to the first convention, the issue of republican democracy proposed by Pushpalal was dismissed as extremism and the moderate comrade Manmohan Adhikari was installed as the general secretary and considered a constitutional monarchy. In fact, the campaign to demonize the communist movement started from here. Democratic programs such as land reform as the main means of production and fair distribution of arable land, provision of employment through industrialization, guaranteeing people's access to important service areas such as education and health were gradually being extinguished.

King's 'coup-deta' and division into communist movement

After the 2007 movement, instead of strengthening the democratic power, the monarchy was getting stronger . Because the so-called revolution ended in an agreement. Most of the leaders-activists of big parties entered the party from elite families, be it Congress or Gorkha Dal or the then Nepal Communist Party . In fact, the feudal thinking and working style was seen to be dominant in all the parties . Some leaders became King Mahendra's tools because they loved position and prestige more than principles, ideas and institutions. The year 2017 was reduced under his guise.

Independent India was not able to become dynamic because it could not make structural changes in the economic-social framework. After Stalin's death, the Soviet Union was suffering from internal distrust and there was a big ideological difference between the Soviet Union and China. The capitalist world, including the United States, was engaged in the Cold War to restore power lost in the Second World War. Taking advantage of this kind of confused world situation, King Mahendra killed the power by dissolving the elected parliament. Within a few years almost a majority of the members of the ruling Congress accepted the King's move and merged with the King's coup d'etat, the main opposition becoming non-existent . The then Nepali Congress called for an armed struggle against the king's move. Nepal Communist Party got divided while reviewing this complicated political situation. General Secretary Dr. who is in the majority in the party central committee. The Kesharjung Rayamazhi side advocated the restoration of the parliamentary system, Pushpalal advocated the restoration of the dissolved parliament, while Mohanvikram demanded the election of the Constituent Assembly and went their separate ways.

Depreciation of Comrade Pushpalal

When he left Congress and became a communist, it was not known how prejudiced Congress was towards Pushpalal. But he was proud that only Congress can rule in Nepal . Due to this, the Congress did not show enthusiasm to cooperate with the Communists even in the referendum held in 2037. However, Pushpalal never abandoned the line of restoration of Parliament . "The Communists and the Congress put forward the action direction of the joint people's movement under the same title that the joint struggle against the monarchy is 'today's path'" (Netraprasad Panthi, 2071, "Pushpalal : Life, Creativity and Education", Metro Fine Print) .

There was a group of elites within the CPN who considered the direction of the United People's Movement to be extremely right-wing from the first congress. Jamaat, which is supposed to be more revolutionary, doesn't need to analyze objectively, and doesn't need to understand what are the desires and wishes of the common people, was in the communist movement of yesterday as well as today. In fact, they adopted the narrow-mindedness of seeing the Congress as an extreme right-wing power. Looking at him from today's eyes, it seems that he does not even know the general definition of what are the theoretical and ideological differences between autocratic monarchy and social democrats, what is the difference between autocracy and welfare state. Like BP's government's plan to abolish birta, in favor of small and medium farmers whose holdings were in line with their slogans, the plan to reform the land was indeed a powerful program for the end of feudalism. However, at that time the Congress was more of a mixed capitalist party based on social welfare and less social welfare. But Pushpalal's assessment was that the Congress can be more progressive than the monarchy and a reliable companion in the struggle for the restoration of democracy.

At that time, communist internationalism was divided between China and the Soviet axis. China was supporting the continuation of the democratic revolution, while the Soviet Union was pressuring that the program of national democracy would fit the third world countries. Both Russia and China were trying to strengthen their views. Communists all over the world became the most divided in the fight between these two. Like CPM and CPI in India . Pushpalal considered the revolutionary process of China's new democracy to be close because Nepali and South Asian environments were compatible. However, he was opposed to the Great Lip Forward Program and the Chinese Cultural Revolution put forward by ruling China. Due to this, he was not close to China . Russia had nothing to support him. Although he was in favor of the path of the Chinese People's Revolution, he did not believe that armed revolution was the only tool for national liberation.

Pushpalal and Janavad

After the physical demise of BP, the mood for a united people's movement was gradually created within the Congress. Ganeshman Singh and Krishna Prasad Bhattarai turned the Congress towards a joint movement. The components led by Madan Bhandari-led Malle, Manmohan-Sahna-led Marxists, CPN mainstream, Bishnu Bahadur Manandhar, Krishnaraj Burma, Tulsilal Amatya got ready for a joint mass movement with the Congress. The first public movement of 2046 was successful and the lost parliamentary system was restored in 2017. The theoretical credit of the success was given to Comrade Pushpalal by the Left, except for one person. Comrades came to power with the Congress. But Pushpalal's interpretation of democracy is getting weaker . 

CPN (UML) became mainstream after the first general election of 2048. It emerged as a strong opposition party. That party with Manmohan Adhikari as President and Madan Bhandari as General Secretary became a full parliamentary party after 2049 and General Secretary Bhandari put forward the program of multi-party democracy of the people. In fact, it seems that multi-party democracy is the counterpart of the parliamentary path defined by Pushpalal. Comrade Madan Bhandari seems to have defined the strategy drawn up by Pushpalal around the year 2024/25 in a new environment . Congress abandoned the social democratic line after 2049 as the world communist movement weakened after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Since then, the UML has taken the real democratic struggle by fusing it with parliamentarism . Parliamentarianism became dominant, the basic meaning of democracy, guaranteeing quality education and health for all, providing housing for all, providing employment within the country for all, access to the means of production (i.e. water, forest, land, factories etc.) for all, the movement collapsed. In another sense, the people's vanguard (People's Front) became weaker. CPN (Maoist) started an armed movement from 2052 in the name of strengthening democracy. The war was fought for 10 years but again took the path of joint people's movement as told by Pushpa Lal . Republic achieved . But even he could not grasp the real democratic program . 

Today there are about one and a half dozen communist parties. Democracy is dead in the so-called UML and Maoists. Despite all the failures, these parties are doing the work of staying in power (party power), limiting populist-centralism to centralism only. The presidents of the Communist Party, who consider themselves to be mainstream, actually seem like symbols of feudalism. Just as Gyanendra's hunger for the throne is not quenched, it seems that his hunger to be the president will never be quenched . Unlike the political, social and economic agendas set forth by the Congress, none of the parties have their original agenda to establish democracy.