18 years ago, the day of the martyrdom of Ramesh Mahato, a young man from Siraha, Lahan, is generally remembered as a day of sacrifice, commemorating the Madhesh uprising. On this day, there is also a holiday in Madhesh province. Some have understood the Madhesh uprising and the Madhesh movement as the same thing. In reality, the Madhesh movement is a larger form, while the Madhesh public uprising is the "climax" of the Madhesh movement.

When the Madhesh movement is discussed, Terai Congress, Madhesh Kranti Dal, Sadbhavna Parishad, Nepal Sadbhavna Party, Madheshi Janadhikhar Forum Nepal, Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (Armed), Tamalopa, Sadbhavna Party, Janmat Party and Civil Liberation Party are also its 'stakeholders'. they go Among them, the 60s can be considered as the fertile period of the Madhesh movement.

The Madhesh People's Uprising-2063 led by the Madheshi People's Rights Forum and its president Upendra Yadav proved to be a 'milestone' for the Madhesh movement. The Madhesh people's uprising was a response to the centuries-old oppression and discrimination of the Madhesi people. Tarai was the culmination of all efforts from the Congress. It was a joint response to the insulting behavior, insults and political discrimination, injustice and atrocities happening to Madheshi in the streets of Kathmandu. 

The Madhesi People's Rights Forum under the leadership of Upendra Yadav burned the constitution in Maitighar, Kathmandu saying that the interim constitution that came on January 1, 2063, with the consent of even the Maoists, missed the fundamental issues of Madhesi liberation including federalism and proportional inclusion. 18 forum leaders/activists including Yadav were charged with sedition and kept in Hanumandho police custody. On the other hand, in Madhesh, some forum leaders/activists started protesting on the streets saying 'release our leader'.

At the same time, Krishna Bahadur Yadav, the local leader of Siraha's Lahanma Forum, along with some youth workers, was protesting by blocking the Mahendra Highway. When Maoist leader Ram Karki, who was coming from the east, tried to cross the road by force, the forum workers tried to stop him. At the same time, Forum worker Ramesh Mahato was killed when Maoist activist Siyaram Thakur fired a gun.  The

movement began to gain momentum. Forum workers were protesting at Lahan's Mahendra Chowk by placing Ramesh Mahato's body and demanding that he be declared a martyr. Matrika Yadav played a role in attacking them and disappearing Mahato's body at night. Thus fuel was added to the burning fire and the entire Madhesh took a violent form. Maoist vs. Madhesi forum was held. Maoist offices in Madhesh were vandalized and burned. The camp of the Maoist army was evacuated.

Vandalism and arson started happening in government offices. Millions of Madhesi people took to the streets. The movement reached the villages and villages of Madhesh. On the 24th day of the Madhesh uprising, i.e. 25th of January, Girija Prasad Koirala, who was both the head of state and the prime minister at the time, addressed the nation and promised that the country would go to a federal structure, proportional inclusion, increase the number of constituencies, and solve the citizenship problem. Later, 22 points were agreed upon and the movement was 'safe-landed'. The forum was divided saying that the agreement was incomplete.

Madhesi People's Rights Forum led by Upendra Yadav, Mahanth Thakur's Tamalopa, Rajendra Mahato's Sadbhavana Party and the United Democratic Madhesi Front were formed. And, a protest was announced on February 1 to challenge the Constituent Assembly election. After 16 days of continuous protest and negotiations, an 8-point agreement was reached between the Government of Nepal and the United Democratic Madhesi Front, which can be considered as the guiding agreement of Madhesh.

At the height of that movement, the Madhesh-centric party that participated in the first Constituent Assembly of 2064 emerged as a decisive force. Forum came fourth with 53 seats, Tamalopa came fifth with 21 seats and Sadbhavana came sixth with 9 seats. As a result, oppressed and neglected communities including Madheshi, tribal tribes, and Dalits had a significant presence in the First Constituent Assembly.

From that presence, Congress, UML and Maoists conspired to dissolve the first Constituent Assembly and reduced the ratio of proportionality and inclusion in the Second Constituent Assembly. As a result, the representation of oppressed and neglected masses including Madheshi, tribal tribes, Dalits and others in the Second Constituent Assembly was reduced. A constitution was unilaterally promulgated, with fewer powers being compared to the interim constitution.

While the constitution was being announced, the agitation was going on in Terai Madhesh. On the same day, Chandan Patel, a boy from Birgunj, was martyred. While Diwali, fireworks and sweets were being distributed in Kathmandu to celebrate the announcement of the constitution, there was a blackout in Terai Madhesh, and internal conflict in Ruwabasi and Aryarghat where bodies were being burnt. After the announcement of the constitution of 2072, the Madhesi parties, which had increased from three to 13, started to unite again.

Rashtriya Janata Party Nepal was formed under the leadership of Mahant Thakur with the participation of Rajendra Mahato, Mahendra Rai, Saratsingh Bhandari, Anil Jha and Rajkishore Yadav. On the other hand, Samajwadi Party Nepal was formed under the leadership of Upendra Yadav with the participation of Baburam Bhattarai, Ashok Rai and other leaders. In this way, the parliamentary powers were organized and in the 2074 elections, both parties joined forces and went to the polls, and almost managed to bring good results. The government of Madhesh province, naming Madhesh province and making Janakpurdham the capital is the result of that. 

As an achievement of the Madhesh movement, federalism, proportional inclusion, increased number of constituencies including reservation, mixed electoral system and citizenship problem were solved in the country. The concept of three tier government came. Powers were divided between the union, state and local levels. A separate and joint schedule of rights allocation was created. Ironically, it has been 9 years since the implementation and practice of federalism, but honestly, even the schedule has not been implemented.

There are many examples of the federal government interfering in the jurisdiction of the states on some issues. By bypassing the province, there is a deep synergy between the union and the locals. The state government has been made a pendulum. So far, the Union Government has not made a law to help the State Government. A government without police, administration, courts and media is going through a state of innocence. The Chief Secretary, Secretaries, Senior Officers are still kept under the Union Government.

By creating a union-controlled province, on the contrary, it is being tried to discredit the province by not giving development and good governance. One province has been allocated to reach one percent of the budget, even in that, no more than 70 percent has been spent. Administrative expenditure is more than capital expenditure. The province has no source of income. The government of Nepal itself does not want to adopt the policy and principles of the welfare state. The economic policy of the government is to suck the blood of the people and make them fat. The country's economy is not in a condition to cover ordinary expenses.

It has been 9 years since the constitution of 2072 came into effect. 9 governments have changed in 9 years. There is a situation of roaming rumjatar. All except Deuba, Oli and Prachanda have been kept out of the ring. In their eyes, no one else in all three parties is capable. As it is said, "Kaglai bel pakyo harsh na bismat", there is no excitement among the Nepali people if one of these three becomes the prime minister. 

The goal and purpose of the Madhesh movement is to end all discrimination, injustice and atrocities in this country and build an egalitarian society. In order to address the country's diversity, scientific state management models such as federalism and proportional inclusion should be adopted to bring those who are excluded from the mainstream of the state into the mainstream. It should be implemented with sincerity. To make the country prosperous in any way. That requires peace and stability. One/two castes do not accumulate rights.

Rights must be shared for peace. Prosperity requires a permanent government. For that, a directly elected executive head is needed and to prevent corruption, the current electoral system should be replaced by a fully proportional electoral system. After that, the majority of the country's Madhesi, tribals, tribes, Dalits and minorities should be brought into the mainstream of state management and the country should be moved forward on the path of peace, prosperity, development and good governance.