The problems faced by landless and unorganized settlements and residents of the buffer zone in both Makawanpur constituencies have been raised as a common issue. The residents of both areas are demanding that the candidates who come door to door to seek votes in the village provide them with the title deeds of the houses and the land they are using.

The residents of the buffer zone under Chitwan and Parsa National Parks are requesting for a solution to the problems faced by wildlife. The problems of landless, unorganized settlements and the buffer zone in Makawanpur-1 and 2 have been raised as a common issue in this election. Despite facing such problems for a long time, their problems have not been heard. Therefore, this time, voters are pressuring them to provide land titles quickly instead of assurances. Various candidates are also expressing their commitment to address their demands immediately.

‘We have been living here for 50 years,’ said Chandra Bahadur Moktan, 59, of Bakaiya-2, Dhial, ‘We have not yet received the land title deed for the land surveyed in 2032 BS. Every time we come to seek votes, they say they will provide us with the land title deed, but we do not receive the land title deed.’ The residents of the nearly 200-year-old Phaparbari Bazaar are still without land title deed.

Phaparbari Bazaar in Bagmati-6 is an old shopping destination not only for locals but also for residents of Lalitpur, Kavre, Sindhuli and Rautahat. More than 200 families living there do not have land title deed deed. "They say they will give us the documents after the elections, they take votes and do not return," said Chij Kumar Shrestha, a businessman from Phaparbari. "The candidates only give us assurances during the elections." He said that this time too, candidates from all parties in the district are coming to seek votes and making assurances like in the past.

Most of the settlements in Bakaiya and Bagmati rural municipalities under Makawanpur-1 are without land documents. Locals say that they have been living there for 50 years and have been cultivating the land but do not own it. Electricity has reached the houses there and running water has reached the courtyards. The road in front of the courtyard has been sloped. However, 76-year-old Santaman Rai of Rai Basti, Bagmati-4, who does not have the title deeds of his house and land, said, ‘We are going to die without having the title deeds in our hands.’ Deepak Syangtan of Dhiyal Kalapani, who promised to provide the title deeds after winning the election, said that the people’s representative did not return to his village. ‘During the rainy season, floods, landslides and lightning strike the village,’ he said, ‘The leaders who won have not listened to our pain so far.’

In the settlement located in the southern part of Bakaiya, the khare that rises from the Chure during the rainy season makes it difficult to travel to the Hattisundhe, Jureli and Chhativan markets in the municipality. The residents of the settlement are not enthusiastic about the elections. ‘No matter who wins, our situation and problems remain the same,’ said 59-year-old Purna Bahadur Lama of Thakalchaur, ‘We could not even get the title deeds of the house and land we live in, nor was the road built.’ He has been living in Thakalchaur since 2029 BS. He has not been able to get the title deeds yet. Residents of Tin Bhangale, Keraghari, Tangtang, Saraswati, Dobhan, Kalapani, and Thakalchaur in Bakaiya-2 have not been able to get the deeds yet.

There are 454 households living in various settlements in the ward, which is inhabited by the Tamang community. Of these, only 51 have house and land deeds. 403 families do not own houses and land. There are ordinary people who have been living in the area since 2021 BS. It takes 5 hours to walk to reach the center of the rural municipality. Physicists have revealed the existence of a uranium mine in the area after a long study.

Some candidates have reached the village settlement at the foot of Chure to seek votes till Monday. Local Dil Bahadur Waiba said that he had placed documents and village problems in front of the candidates who came to seek votes. “We will vote for the one who seems to solve our problems,” he said.

There is a similar problem in Makawanpur-2. Thousands of families in Simaltar, Hetauda Sub-metropolitan City-11, are without documents. In the settlement near the bridge over the Rapti River in Hetauda, ​​houses ranging from huts to 4-storey concrete houses have been built. Simaltar, which has about 3,000 households, has electricity, drinking water and road facilities. The settlement is densely populated. Candidates had used the settlement as a ‘vote bank’ before. However, they have not been able to get the land titles of their houses and land yet. Local residents, under the leadership of the Land Rights Forum, had submitted a memorandum to the candidates of the Congress, UML, NCP, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), RPP, Pralopa, and CPN-Maoist, who had come to the settlement to seek votes, demanding the provision of land titles.

While accepting the memorandum, the candidates have expressed their commitment to resolve the problem of land titles in the settlement, regardless of whether they win or lose in the election. Govinda Neupane, Chairman of the Land Rights Forum Municipal Committee, said, "Memorandums were submitted to most of the candidates who came here to seek votes, demanding land titles. They have also expressed their commitment to provide land titles." The number of squatters and unorganized settlers in 10 municipalities of Makawanpur is more than 35,000. 30,000 households have filed an application with the Land Problem Resolution Commission demanding land ownership certificates.

‘The problem of squatters and unorganized settlements in Makawanpur is complex,’ said District Land Problem Resolution Commission Chairman Balram Bal. ‘When the commission starts working to solve the problem, it is abolished. When the government changes, the commission changes. How can the work be completed in such a situation?’ Residents of the buffer zone in both constituencies of the district are also in dire trouble. Unable to bear the pain caused by the park, residents of the buffer zone have been demanding to be freed from the buffer zone.