We call the changes in water and air climate change. Although a naturally occurring process, human activity has disrupted this cycle. As a result, we are already experiencing the effects of human-caused climate change.

The impact of climate change and the improvement of environmental conditions cannot be achieved by the efforts of one government alone. Blaming the government will not solve this problem. Every human being on earth has to do something to manage it. The problems caused by climate change are becoming more complex. If we are looking for a solution to this problem by blaming the actions of the government through social networks and digital platforms, it is wrong. 

We need to focus on how individual places can adapt to the effects of climate change. The key is how to bring sustainability to the things we consume on a daily basis. It seems that all the governments of the world should be aware of mitigating the effects of climate change which is progressing dangerously.

From a global point of view, the issue of climate change has been the focus of the development of the human race and the stages of its various civilizations, especially for the past 200 years. The major cause of this is the use of fossil fuels. Greenhouse gas emitted due to excessive use is contaminating the atmosphere and causing chemical changes.

For example, carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has played an important role in the greenhouse gas effect, the carbon cycle, carbon synthesis and the oceanic carbon cycle since time immemorial. Carbon dioxide is the most important of the 3 greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Its density has reached 427 per 100,000 by the year 2024 (on molecular basis). This is 3,341 gigatons of carbon dioxide stored in the atmosphere. This amount is 50 percent higher than the situation at the beginning of the industrial revolution. From the middle of the 18th century until about 10,000 years ago, the amount of carbon was 280 parts per million (on an atomic basis).

The main cause of the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is emissions from excessive fossil fuel burning. Due to its emissions, by 2024, the average temperature of the Earth will increase by 1.55 degrees Celsius across all land and water.

Earth's average temperature at the start of the industrial age is estimated to have been around 13.84 degrees Celsius. In this way, the current global temperature has crossed the threshold of 1.5 degrees Celsius since the beginning of the industrial era and has even violated the criteria of the Paris Agreement. It is not certain whether the increase will continue in the future. However, all the facts show that the temperature will increase.

Data from all recorded temperature measuring stations around the world show that the year 2024 will be the warmest year since 1850 when temperature measurements began. It has shown signs of the danger of the destruction of the human race and the entire biological system. 

So how the human race manages this process now, the whole future seems to depend on it. Its prevention is not a task that can be done only by the efforts of one country, but it should be done by every citizen of the world. All the countries of the world must be involved in this great work. In that sense, the future of our entire earth and the creatures that depend on it is in the hands of the human race. This seems to depend on how quickly and collectively we act. Therefore, if we do not take the great task of reducing the temperature of the world, it is certain that there will be a huge change in the mountains, seas and water cycle of our earth. Now its initial effects have also started to be seen. 

According to a recent study by the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ECMOD), Nepal's glaciers are melting rapidly. Due to global warming, 80 percent of our glaciers, mountains and their snow are expected to melt by 2100. Similarly, the Himalayan glaciers have shrunk by 40 percent compared to the Little Ice Age that took place 400-700 years ago.

In the past few decades, this rate of shrinkage has increased faster than that of other mountain ranges, according to ECMOD's report. Due to this, it is estimated that the amount of water that will rise due to the melting of glaciers will increase until 2050 and gradually decrease thereafter. This threatens to change the entire ecosystem of our Himalayas and disrupt the environmental services we get (clean air, clean water, food).

Nepalese scientist DB Kattel working in the Tibetan Research Plateau at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in China has shown that the area covered by snow has decreased due to the increase in global temperature. Similarly, due to low rainfall, the rate of snow accumulation has also been found to be low. What effect will this have on the energy centers we have developed in the foothills of the Himalayas? How much damage is caused by floods and landslides? It cannot be accounted for.

The biggest threat it affects is water security. Depletion of water resources has a direct impact on food production. What is the future of energy security? Nepal and other countries have invested a lot in hydropower. After the glacier dries up, the roots go dry. Water storage in hydropower dams tends to decrease. Other studies have shown that a 1 percent reduction in river and river flow will result in a 3 percent reduction in energy production. Therefore, it seems necessary to increase investment in solar energy for the long term.

Similarly, due to temperature rise, excessive and abnormal rains and other events, various diseases such as dengue, malaria, lumpy skin are increasing in humans and animals. Which is sure to cause huge human capital and productivity losses. In addition, studies have shown that the countries living in the lower coastal areas of the Himalayas will have to spend more than 2.5 to 4 percent of their GDP annually due to flood damage.