After more than average rains in Mustang and for two to three consecutive days, the roofs of the traditional 'Munde Ghar', which are made of mud, have started to leak. The traditional houses and monasteries of Mustang are made of raw mud bricks.

But the new generation has started building concrete houses by making RCC slopes as the rains cannot withstand the rain. The houses of the ancient cultural style where the mud (walls) made of raw soil are placed on top of the Nidal and Dalin, and the mountain thorny butyan is laid on it and the roof is pressed with Kachomato is in the process of being destroyed.

Munde houses with mud roofs are adapted to the effects of snow and cold winds. A log of wood placed on the roof of Munde houses to prevent soil from flowing is also an identity of the Mustang people. But due to climate change, Raithane skills, knowledge and architectural mud houses passed down by the ancestors have become difficult to preserve for the present generation. On the other hand, because the rainwater has started to flow instead of soaking in the ground in Mustang, which is covered with sand, floods and landslides have started to occur. 

Lomanthang and Mustang houses, built from raw clay bricks made with Raithane skills, knowledge and techniques, have a deep connection with the local climate and environment. Living inside a thick mud house feels warm in winter and cool in summer.

Cold-borne diseases were not touched in such houses in winter. According to experts, although the soil itself is not an insulating material, the thermal mass (thermal mass) in it absorbs heat and cold, and does not communicate, so houses made of mud feel warmer in winter and cooler in summer than modern RCC houses. Stone and cement cannot absorb cold and heat, because it communicates, it gets colder. 

RCC houses are very hot in the summer and very cold in the cold, says Bishnu Paudel, Chief Engineer of the Infrastructure Development Office, Myagdi. According to him, mud house is cool in summer and warm in winter. "Thick walls in RCC houses, when plastering the walls of the house, instead of sand, if it is done with a mixture of sawdust or wood dust, the house can be kept warm," he said.

Similarly, according to archeologist Devendra Bhattarai, Mustangi is trying to take refuge in a concrete house by paying a high price to avoid the effects of climate change, but he complains that he is not satisfied with it. "Along with geographical diversity, the houses inhabited by people from all over the world have different shapes and structures," he said, "according to the climate given by nature, the shapes, structures and styles of the houses built in the mountains, mountains and plains are different." 

All the traditional houses in Mustang's settlements are made of mud. But these heritages are beginning to fall under the influence of climate change. Historical heritage, monuments and shrines built by the ancestors for the present and future generations are beginning to disappear.

Due to environmental impact, lifestyle, environmental conditions, economic-social-cultural conditions have started to change. Due to the impact of climate change, decreasing snowfall, increasing temperature and rain, the health of people and animals, social and cultural heritage is destroyed, the skills and knowledge and identity of the people are lost, and the biological diversity and ecological system have started to be damaged. After the cycle/pattern of snow and rain has changed, the Himalayan lifestyle and culture have also started to be affected. 

'Due to climate change and global warming, the place where there is only snow in the winter and heavy rains in the monsoons have started to see a reversal in the structure of creation, due to which mud palaces, houses, monasteries, chorten and caves have started to collapse due to water,' said Gautam Sherchan, the ward president of Thasang rural municipality-4 Kowang, 'Mustang's settlement pattern is a mud mound with its own originality, in a place with very normal rainfall. When it started raining heavily, the soil became muddy and started to leak slowly, the originality of the house also started to be destroyed. When the heat increased, clothes such as bakkhu disappeared.

Pragya Sherchan, Climate Researcher of Prakriti Resource Center, who was born in Mustang Kowang, while studying the effects and effects of climate change in Dhe village of Upper Mustang, said that as the rains increased in Mustang, houses made of raw mud, monasteries, ancient palaces, roofs (ceilings) leaked and rotted. 

She mentioned that when the mud-roofed house where she grew up began to leak, she tried to protect it by laying zinc sheets or plastic on the roof. "Unused ancient palaces and monasteries are in a state of collapse within a few years due to lack of protection, they are in crisis of existence," she said, "Mustang is at risk of multiple disasters such as melting glaciers, floods and landslides." Cultural heritage connects the past, present and future, gives identity and sense of belonging.

heritage is divided into two parts, natural and cultural. Intangible cultural heritage is called tangible and physical heritage is called intangible heritage. Cultural heritage is not just an object, it is the language, knowledge and identity of the local community that has been handed down from one generation to the next. 

Cultural heritage gives people a sense of unity. According to Ancient Monument Conservation Procedure 064, three main methods should be used to preserve the archaeological importance to be handed over to future generations in order to prevent the monument from being further destroyed and corrupted. It is to rehabilitate such archeological objects in order to bring them back into use, to protect archeological objects from environmental effects and to adopt prevention methods to protect them from the danger of deterioration from the natural or artificial environment.