Political developments in Nepal have developed rapidly since the Gen-G movement in Bhadra last year. Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned the day after the movement that began on Bhadra 23.

76 people lost their lives in the protests and disturbances that took place on Bhadra 23 and 24. Important government and private buildings across the country, including Singha Durbar, were set on fire. Leaders' homes were attacked. Sushila Karki became Prime Minister in the chaotic situation created by this. On Falgun 21 (the appointed date), the interim government led by Sushila Karki held elections by taking the Congress-UML and all the parties that were in power during the Gen-G movement into confidence.

The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) had nominated Balendra Shah as the Prime Ministerial candidate in this election. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) won 182 of the 275 seats in parliament. Shah, 36, popular among the Gen-G youth (who belong to the millennial age group), is now the Prime Minister. Thus, the Gen-G movement in Nepal landed peacefully through an electoral mandate.

The youth came to power by displacing the old parties. The government has put forward 100 reform programs. The government's working style will now test those who have gone to government along with these programs.

The Gen-G youth, born between 1997 and 2012, have led movements not only in Nepal but also in various countries around the world in recent years. Ending corruption, ending nepotism, good governance and social justice, and employment were their main issues. But the expected results have not been achieved everywhere.

The worst example of this is Madagascar. The movement here removed the president, who had French citizenship, and formed a military-civilian coalition government. However, now the military leadership has removed the civilian prime minister, citing nationalism.

The government has started arresting Gen-G protesters on charges of conspiring against the state. On the other hand, the Russian military has been given the responsibility of supervising the presidential office.

Organizations including Amnesty International have opposed the arrests of Gen-G. Here, the movement began on September 25, 2025.

The nationwide movement began in response to the government cutting off water and electricity in many areas of the country. Although the pretext was the power cut, the main issue of the protesters was ending corruption and greater good governance. 22 people lost their lives when the police intervened in this movement.

Protesters attacked tramway infrastructure, commercial areas and supermarkets. They looted politicians' houses. The army did not use any force during the protests. Some military officers provided humanitarian assistance, including water distribution and rescue, to the protesters in distress.

They also pressured the president to peacefully hand over power to the protesters. However, President Andry Rajoelina was not ready.

On October 11, the army staged a coup amid the protests. On October 17, the army declared former Colonel Michael Randrianirina the new president. The court granted legitimacy. The protesters celebrated. President Andry Rajoelina had fled to France.

Economist and influential politician Herintsala Andriamsi was appointed Prime Minister on the advice of the protesters. He had put forward a roadmap to hold presidential elections within two years. However, the military leadership was focused on concentrating power.

The announcement of the election date was delayed due to the reluctance of the army generals. On March 15, Andriamsi was dismissed and Mamisiana Rajaonarishan, who had a military background, was appointed Prime Minister. After that, the old corrupt faces began to be brought to power. This has shocked the Gen-G protesters.

On April 12, they protested demanding the announcement of the election date. In the meantime, four Gen-G leaders have been arrested by the police. They have been accused of criminal conspiracy and disrupting the state security system, among other things.

Presidential spokesman Harry Laurent Rahajason has denied the president's involvement in their arrests. 'There is a separation of powers in Madagascar. The president does not interfere in matters related to the national police,' he said. On Tuesday, two protesters were released from custody and hospitalized. As of Friday, local authorities said only the leader of the Gen-G group, Herizo, was in custody.

Protesters say the elites brought to power by President Randrianirina are not ready for economic reform. Despite the change of power in Madagascar, the situation has not changed much, said Elliot Randrianimarato, leader of the Gen-G Madagascar group.

'So far, the government has not made any improvements. That is why everyone is disappointed.' We have not seen any clear plan for reform.’

He said that although the issue of reforming the electoral system was raised by the youth, the government did not pay attention to it. ‘When he took power in October, the president promised to draft a new constitution and hold elections within two years.’ We had asked for all parties to be included in the constitutional reform.

Because reforming the electoral system was one of the main issues we raised. The current system can only make people with a lot of money win,’ said Randriyamandrato.

Presidential spokesman Rahajason has responded that there are attempts to burn down the National Parliament building and attack the president. He made this claim while showing video footage of a drone flying over the president’s house on April 11.

In February, President Randriyanira went to Moscow and met with Russian President Vladimir Putin. He brought military trucks, helicopters, tanks and aid from there.

Rahjason admitted that Russians were deployed to protect the president. The Guardian asked about their number and presence.

Rahjason said, ‘Why do you ask such a question? Why is the Ukrainian president calling on people of other nationalities for protection? Is that natural? And why should it be unnatural for Madagascar to bring in international security personnel?’

Few countries have seen the expected improvements since the Gen-G movement. Many countries have fallen into further crisis.

Bangladesh is one of the few successful countries. The movement ended here in 2024. The then Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina fled to India by helicopter on August 5.

Since then, an interim government led by Nobel Peace Prize winner Muhammad Yunus held elections in February this year after nearly 18 months.

Bangladesh National Party (BNP) Chairman Tariq Rahman was elected Prime Minister. His party won 209 out of 300 seats in the direct elections.

BNP is one of the oldest parties in Bangladesh, which boycotted the last three elections held under Sheikh Hasina. Tariq's father, General Ziur Rahman, founded the party in 1978. Ziur and his wife Begum Khaleda have been elected Prime Ministers from the party in the past. Similarly, Badruddoja Chaudhry of the same party was elected President in 2001.

Although the victory of the centrist democratic force BNP in Bangladesh was encouraging, the rise of the hardline Islamic party Jamaat-e-Islami in the opposition has shocked those calling for change.

With 68 seats, the party is the main opposition in the Bangladesh parliament. It has not fielded any women candidates in the elections. Similarly, the party's workers were found to be involved in the pre-election violence faced by the minority Hindu community.

The National Citizens Party (NCP), an alternative force founded by the youth who led the movement in 2024, won only 6 seats in this election. However, a referendum held in February along with the parliamentary elections approved the 'July Charter'.

This charter includes a program of constitutional reforms by addressing the issues raised in the 2024 movement. These issues approved by the referendum will have to be amended by the new parliament within 6 months.

For this reason, despite the NCP's numerical representation in parliament being small, their cause has won. After a major ups and downs, Bangladesh is once again on the path of stability.

Last September, the youth of Peru also protested. They demanded the resignation of the president and members of parliament in protest of the continuous increase in criminal incidents in the country. Finally, President Dina Boluarte Zegara was impeached and removed by parliament on October 10.

However, the Gen-G protesters were not happy when 38-year-old José Enrique Jeri became the new president. Enrique was accused of sexual misconduct. Young people have been demonstrating continuously demanding his resignation. Jeri resigned on February 17.

Since then, 83-year-old José María Balcazar has been the interim president. Peru is holding the first round of presidential elections in June and the second round in July. The Gen-G movement changed the power struggle between six leaders that had been going on for a decade. But the cycle of instability could not be changed.

In Indonesia, Gen-G youth, carrying the mango flag, demanded an end to corruption, unemployment, an end to price increases, good governance and social justice. The manga flag featured in the Japanese series One Piece played a major role in spreading to other movements around the world. The demonstration, which began in February 2025, inspired protesters in Nepal, Madagascar, and Peru.

The protests peaked in August and September. The struggle continued until the end of last year. At least 10 young people lost their lives when police fired tear gas and bullets in Jakarta, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Papua, and other places. Public infrastructure in Indonesia was vandalized and set on fire during the protests.

Despite such great publicity and damage, there was no change of power in Indonesia. However, the protests shook the hearts of the elite, and President Prabowo Subianto went into hiding at home for some time.

In the Philippines, an anti-corruption movement had also begun since the beginning of last September. There has been a continuous movement here for almost 8 months. But there has been no significant change in power and authority.