During the special general convention held at Bhrikutimandap under the leadership of General Secretaries Gagan Thapa and Bishwaprakash Sharma since December 10, the central committee of the Deuba faction has taken action against the General Secretaries and Joint General Secretary Farmullah Mansur. They have been expelled from the party, not even as ordinary members.

However, the special general convention held at Bhrikutimandap has announced that the action has been dismissed. General Secretary Thapa also said that the special general convention has already dismissed the central working committee. He said that their own Congress is the official party.

This is the third major split in the history of the Nepali Congress. Interestingly, Sher Bahadur Deuba has been the main character in two of the three splits. In 2059, he had split the Congress by turning the gathering he called into a general convention. This time, he has put the split into practice by taking action against the general secretary and joint general secretary who led the special general convention.

There have been many small splits in the eight-decade history of the Congress. Many of the individual and small splits did not cause much damage to the party. But there have been three major splits that have had a profound impact.

The first division under the leadership of Matrika Prasad Koirala

After the Mohan Shamsher Jabra-led government formed with the declaration of democracy on Falgun 7, 2007, the Congress President Matrika Prasad Koirala became the Prime Minister as chosen by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and King Tribhuvan Shah. At that time, BP wanted to become the Prime Minister, but failed. After the government was formed, disagreements increased between his elder brother Matrika and his younger brother BP. BP was of the opinion that Matrika should leave the position of President and play the role of Prime Minister only. He said, 'Only the party can stop the government's arbitrariness when there is no parliament, so Matrika should leave the leadership of the party.' But Matrika was not ready. This dispute ended when BP was elected President at the fifth general convention held in Janakpur on Jestha 10, 2009.

Dr. After the capture of Singha Durbar under the leadership of KI Singh, the government's decisions such as banning the Nepal Communist Party and calling the Indian military mission to Nepal continued the misunderstanding. Matrika did not show much interest in holding elections as per the assigned responsibilities upon becoming the Prime Minister. Meanwhile, he did not implement the party's instructions to reshuffle the cabinet. He argued that the party should not give instructions to the Prime Minister. As arguments and counterarguments continued through correspondence, ministers close to BP, Subarna Shamsher, Surya Prasad Upadhyay and Ganeshman Singh, resigned.

The Central Working Committee meeting held on 8th July 2009 gave a 48-hour ultimatum to the Prime Minister and the Nepali Congress ministers to resign. After rejecting it, the Central Working Committee meeting held on the evening of 23 August suspended Prime Minister Matrika Prasad Koirala, ministers Mahendra Bikram Shah, Mahabir Shumsher and Naradmuni Thulung from being active members of the Nepali Congress for three years. This decision was later approved by the Mahasamiti meeting. Shortly after the suspension, Prime Minister Matrika also resigned.

After being suspended from the party, on 21 Bhadra 2009, a 'Nepali Congress Ad Hoc Committee' was announced under the chairmanship of Matrika. It included Mahendra Bikram Shah, Naradmuni Thulung, Mahabir Shumsher and other leaders. The following year, a conference was organized from 15 to 17 Baisakh 2010. From the closed session on 16 Baisakh, the 'National Praja Party' was announced under the chairmanship of Matrika. Later, Matrika merged this party into the Nepali Congress.

Division under Deuba's leadership

Sher Bahadur Deuba was appointed Prime Minister for the second time on 2058 Shrawan 7. The emergency period imposed by the same government lasted until 2059 Jestha 11. There was a controversy over whether or not to extend the emergency period. Not only did the opposition UML not support the approval of the House of Representatives, but there was also no consensus within the Congress.

Meanwhile, the government registered a proposal to extend the emergency period by 6 months with the Parliament Secretariat on Jestha 3. After that, discord began within the party. On Jestha 7, Prime Minister Deuba was asked for a 24-hour explanation under the signature of General Secretary Sushil Koirala, 'Why not say that such activities that neglect and devalue the party have violated the minimum values, norms, culture and traditions of the democratic party system?' Deuba responded on Jestha 20 by saying that he had not taken any decision by going beyond the party's decision.

On Jestha 20, the Central Working Committee meeting directed the government to withdraw the proposal registered in Parliament. Deuba was also criticized in the parliamentary party meeting held on the same day. Deuba, who reached the royal palace that evening, recommended the dissolution of the House of Representatives. The king also immediately implemented the dissolution and set a mid-term. Angered by Deuba's move, President Girija Prasad Koirala called on all party members in the Council of Ministers to resign within three days. Some resigned, while others stood by Deuba.

Meanwhile, the Central Disciplinary Committee on Jestha 20 immediately suspended Prime Minister Deuba from being an ordinary member of the party and sent him a three-day explanation letter. Deuba responded to the Disciplinary Committee on Jestha 21. However, on June 12, the disciplinary committee also expelled Deuba from the party for three years, stating that the explanation he presented was not reasonable and that the dissolution of the House of Representatives without informing the party was against the principles of the party system and a serious violation of the party's objectives, policies, code of conduct and statute. Deuba appealed to the Central Working Committee to withdraw the action. But there was no hearing.

Meanwhile, Deuba called a meeting of his party's general convention representatives on June 2. He turned the meeting called to put pressure on Koirala into a general convention. On June 4, Koirala was removed from the presidency. On June 5, Sher Bahadur Deuba was elected as the president of the divided party. Thus, the Congress split. Later, the Koirala faction gained authority and Deuba's party became the Nepali Congress Democratic. This party later merged with the Congress.

The division created by Deuba's actions

The third division is connected to the Gen-G movement of 23 and 24 Bhadra 2082. General secretaries Gagan Thapa and Bishwaprakash Sharma had raised their voices in the Congress saying that the movement sought policy and leadership changes in politics. At the same time, signatures were collected for a special general convention in the Congress. On 29 Asoj, 54 percent of the signatures were submitted demanding a special general convention.

Meanwhile, on 15 Mangsir, the Congress Central Working Committee had set the date for the regular general convention for 26-29 Poush. But leaders supporting Deuba were also expressing their views against the general convention. After the work of the general convention did not progress as per the schedule, general secretaries Thapa and Sharma had called for a special general convention.

It is said that 56 percent of the delegates participated in the special general convention that has been going on since December 11. While the special general convention was going on, talks were also held between the special general convention side and the Deuba side. But as an agreement could not be reached, action was taken against general secretaries Thapa and Sharma and joint general secretary Mansur on Wednesday.