After the February 21 election, Balendra Shah led the executive and Dol Prasad Aryal led the legislature. Shah and Aryal have been given the leadership of these two organs from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which won almost two-thirds of the seats in the House of Representatives. As Prime Minister, Shah will have to fulfill the aspirations of the people.

Similarly, Aryal has the responsibility of making the parliament he leads active and effective, giving the country necessary policies and laws, and motivating it to monitor the work of the government. It is clear that when the executive and the legislature strengthen their cordial relations by internalizing the principle of separation of powers and doing justice to their respective roles, then the basis for fulfilling people's expectations becomes strong, and the people also adopt both these institutions as their representatives. At that time, the parliamentary system that Nepal has been practicing also becomes stronger. The possibility of political stability also increases.

Parliamentary practice in Nepal began with the House of Representatives formed in 2016. Since then, the House of Representatives/Constituent Assembly/Legislative Assembly has been formed through elections held in 2048, 2051, 2056, 2064, 2070, 2074 and 2079. An interim legislature was also formed in 2063 to facilitate the transitional period before the Constituent Assembly elections in 2064.

The National Panchayat was formed to give a glimpse of the parliament during the Panchayat period. Almost all parliaments have suffered from the then king's 'coup' or the attempt to dissolve the Prime Minister. This has not only made governments unstable in Nepal, but the parliaments themselves have also become unstable. Parliaments have not been able to become the highest institution of people's representation. Despite the theoretical concept of being a strong bridge between the people and the government, the parliament of Nepal has not been able to establish such a capacity. As a result, the parliament of Nepal has been established in the minds of the public as a place to stage the 'dirty game of power'. 

The biggest role of the newly formed House of Representatives is to establish its supremacy. Some of the important responsibilities of the parliament include giving government, passing laws, monitoring the functioning of the government, and discussing issues of public concern in the house and giving directions or guidance to the government. There is no particular problem in the parliament of Nepal regarding giving government. However, in some periods, non-parliamentarians have also become prime ministers and ministers.

If the parliament can develop its effectiveness and capacity, such a situation will not repeat. The role of the parliament has not been strengthened in all other matters. Bills get stuck for years and in some cases, they become inactive after the term of the House of Representatives ends. The parliament does not seem to have an interventionist role in monitoring the government and discussing issues of public concern and guiding the government. The parliament of Nepal has a dependent tendency to wait for the 'business' it receives from the government. It is indifferent to the larger responsibility of creating 'business' itself and representing the voice of the people. The next parliament should be able to show initiative in such matters.

The parliament itself cannot be effective for its own reasons. The role of the government is also meaningful. Previous governments, rather than being accountable to the parliament, were prone to making the parliament accountable to themselves and considering themselves special. There are many examples of the Prime Minister not giving clear answers to questions raised in the parliament, not attending the parliament even at important times, and ignoring parliamentary committees even when summoned.

Some prime ministers also had the tendency to not provide ‘business’ to the parliament but accuse the parliament itself of being ineffective. There is also an ever-present tactic of trying to dissolve the parliament. The current government party also has almost two-thirds of the seats in the House of Representatives. Since the government is strong, the MPs of that party are more likely to be favored by the government and forget their primary responsibilities, and on the other hand, the voices of the opposition are also likely to be ignored. The government must believe that the effectiveness of its governance will increase along with the effectiveness of the parliament, and it must implement it in practice.

There is always a challenge to establish its supremacy in Nepal's parliamentary practice. For this, the impartial and responsible role of the Speaker is important. For that, they can make the government accountable to the parliament, make the house a place of open and dignified debate, and give priority to raising the voices of small parties including the opposition. Speaker Damannath Dhungana of 2048-2051 is remembered for his work of running the parliament of Nepal effectively.

He used to say – ‘Parliament belongs to the opposition.’ Over time, when the practice of using the speaker in one’s own way at strategic times became established, the speakers have been seen to be more favored towards their former party and the Prime Minister elected from it. This has been weakening the dignity of the parliament. If the current Speaker Aryal learns from past experiences and can do justice to his responsibilities, he can establish himself as an ideal Speaker. If the house is made only a shadow of the government, he will also stand on the list of those Speakers whose names are not much discussed after the end of their term.

MPs also need to recognize their positional power and responsibilities. Because, some MPs in the house may be from the ruling party, some from the opposition. However, in reality, they are the bearers of the sovereignty vested in the people. They are the people's representatives. They should not be forced to accept the whip of their party except for certain proposals. Therefore, they are free to put forward their own rational arguments in the 'business' given by the government.

In addition, they are authorized to raise issues of local or national importance during zero and special hours, register proposals of urgent public importance, and register non-governmental bills. They must demonstrate that ability. It is also their responsibility to play an effective role in enriching the bills and ensuring the interests of the country through them. Overall, with the collective efforts of the government, the Prime Minister, the Speaker, and the MPs, the Parliament will become the supreme place of people's representation. Its supremacy will also be established.