The Communist Manifesto, prepared in 1948 at the initiative of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, is the fundamental document of the revolutionary communist movement around the world. It called for the unity of the working people of the world and appealed for revolution against capitalist exploitation, oppression, and repression.

The manifesto emphasized that class struggle is essential to establish a socialist system by ending the extreme exploitation and oppression of the poor, working class and proletariat by the capitalist system, i.e. class struggle is the basic and essential principle of the Communist Party. 

The first manifesto of the 'Nepal Communist Party' written by Pushpalal Shrestha in 2006 BS also presented the idea that the Communist Party must adopt to end the absolute feudal tyranny, end the extreme exploitation of workers and peasants, end discrimination on the basis of caste, and ensure full democratic rights for citizens.

According to this manifesto, the Communist Party is a political ideology and force that fights resolutely on behalf of the working class, oppressed and exploited people and ends class exploitation and oppression. In principle, the communist party is a force that resolves all socio-political contradictions in society, ends all inequalities and discrimination on the basis of class, caste, language, religion, gender, culture, etc., and builds an egalitarian society.

The Nepali people have been supporting the Communist Party with this belief. Be it the anti-Rana revolution of BS 2007 or the movement against the autocratic Panchayat system or the 'people's war' led by the then CPN (Maoist). The Nepali people have been supporting the Communist Party not only in the movement, revolution and struggle, but also in electoral politics. However, most of the Communist Parties have neither been able to operate in accordance with the communist ideals and ideas nor have they tried to address the hopes and expectations of the people.

Ultimately, the Communists have fallen victim to the vicious circle of narrow-mindedness, power-selfishness and opportunism and have fallen victim to disintegration hundreds of times. Even after the turmoil brought by the Gen-G rebellion, a series of rapid disintegration, split and unity is ongoing in the Communist Parties of Nepal. 

A Struggle Legacy: A Disturbed Present 

The Communist Party was established in Nepal about a hundred years after the Communist Manifesto was prepared. In 1871, the Paris Commune was established after the struggle of the working class. Although the socialist practice of representing the working class in the state did not last longer than 71 days, the Paris Commune became an inspiration for the workers and working classes of the world. The October Revolution of 1917 sent a message to the world that ‘the establishment of a socialist state is possible’.

The Chinese New Democratic Revolution was completed in 1949. The same year, the Communist Party of Nepal was also established, which expressed its commitment to end feudal autocracy and autocratic systems and fight uncompromisingly for the working class. Under the leadership of the Communist Party, a Tamsuk Phukka movement took place in Bara, Parsa, and Rautahat from BS 2008. There was a peasant uprising in the Far West, while the Jhapa uprising of 2028 was a campaign to eliminate the feudal and exploitative classes.

In the ‘people’s war’ launched by the Maoists in 2052, thousands of people supported the revolution by swearing ‘liberation or death’. The Maoist-led 'people's war' was made possible by the blood and contributions of workers, farmers, and oppressed communities (such as women, Dalits, indigenous peoples, Madhesis, Tharus, and marginalized groups). As a result, Nepal was transformed into a federal democratic republic. 

Thousands of working-class and oppressed communities also contributed to the formation of the communist parties formed as a legacy of the Jhapa uprising. However, the communist parties formed in this way have not been able to respect the legacy of the people's contributions and sacrifices. Most of the communist parties and leaderships, trapped in the political cycle of power and self-interest, continue to perpetuate the politics of deception against those people. 

The country is going through a complex political transition. After the revolution or struggle, a new political environment will be created, and the working class, farmers, and laborers, who are going through extreme economic crisis, hope to breathe a little bit of happiness. They want them not to have to go to India, Arabia, or other countries to make a living and shed blood, tears, and sweat.

They hope that they will not be a victim of middlemen's loot at every step within the country. They want freedom from the cycle of financial oppression, exploitation and oppression. However, most communist parties in Nepal do not have any ideology for the liberation of the working class, laborers, farmers, oppressed classes and communities. They do not have a concrete vision, strategy and action plan to solve their crisis and take the country forward. The people will evaluate and review this deception committed by the Communist Party on the people. 

The mainstream communist parties do not have an agenda for the oppressed people. For example, since the establishment of the party, communist parties that have raised the slogan of liberating the landless, poor and farmers have come to power time and again. However, revolutionary land reform did not become their agenda. A commission was formed for formality and data collection was done, but the problem of the landless has not been solved. There is extreme commercialization in the education and health sectors, which are directly related to the lives of the people.

The education and health received by the poor and the rich are different. The communist parties that advocate socialism are themselves involved in the business of education and health. Even now, there are many social violence against women in society, extreme exploitation and oppression. Caste violence and injustice against Dalits are widespread. However, the communist party, which is in favor of equality and justice, does not have the ideology, policy and program to solve these problems. How can these parties continue to be communist until they have an idea or perspective to solve such social contradictions? 

If we look at the leadership, structure and organization of the communist party, archaism prevails. The tendency for one person to continue to dominate the party power, and for a certain group to share the opportunities of state power is still there. The communist parties have not been able to end the situation where only elite men are in the party leadership and the same thing continues to happen in the leadership of the state. Manmohan Adhikari, Pushpa Kamal Dahal, KP Sharma Oli, Baburam Bhattarai, Jhalanath Khanal and Madhav Nepal, who became prime ministers from the communist party, are examples of this. Even if we theoretically end patriarchy and caste system, in practice their practices are contrary to the principles. 

The Communist Party of Nepal has contributed to changing the state power with the power and strength of the people. Marxism holds the view that power should be changed, protected and developed. The communist parties of Nepal have not been able to get out of the lust for power. Institutionalizing the republic achieved through the sacrifices of the people, building a democratic political culture and progressive socio-cultural transformation have never been the priority of the mainstream communists. Oppressed communities are constantly struggling for federalism with autonomy. No communist seems to have a plan to strengthen federalism. Communists are distracted from the task of protecting and developing the achievements gained through historical struggle.

The country has become hollow with corruption. The people are trapped in the net of corruption at every step. After the people's movement of 2046 BS, parties called communists have been joining the government in one way or another. The communist leadership, which carries the ideal of ending corruption and providing convenience to the people, is immersed in corruption. From the local level to the center, party leaders, activists, and people's representatives are directly or indirectly involved in corruption. Communist parties have lost the morality of taking action or taking responsibility for them. Parties that do not at least conduct a brutal review of the mistakes, weaknesses, and failures committed by the party and leadership and do not transform will actually remain communists in name only. 

The undertaking of formation and dissolution 

The historic Gen-G rebellion brought the arrogant and arrogant totalitarian KP Sharma Oli to the streets from power. This is a historical event in which the acting Prime Minister had to kneel due to the rebellion. Not only this, the Gen-G rebellion created strong pressure on almost all the old parties to transform. The result of this is the undertaking of unity, division, and dissolution among the communist parties.

The unity between the former Maoists, Unified Socialists, and other communist components is also an example of this undertaking. The Communist Party has long been saying that such divisions and unity are a historical necessity, but such incidents have only occurred around elections.

This means that the center of unity among communists is basically linked to gaining power. At least leftist unity or polarization is necessary for socio-economic transformation. Only a Communist Party with a clear ideological vision, strategy and action plan in line with the demands of the new era that can resolve the national political crisis, address the extreme frustration and anger prevailing among the people, end the extreme individualism and nepotism raised by the Gen-G rebellion, end corruption and establish good governance, and solve the overall socio-economic problems can take the country forward. 

However, only a communist and progressive force with serious self-examination, transformation of the party and leadership, and new ideas of the new era can lead radical change.