Probably the shortest in the history of the world i.e. Gen-G coup, which was completed in about 24 hours, a serious political wave has been created after the successful formation of the interim government under the leadership of former Chief Justice Sushila Karki. Nepal has now become a subject of international discussion, interest and concern after the success of the youth-student rebellion initiated by social media and digital platforms like Sri Lanka in 2022 and Bangladesh in 2024.

In Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, their governments fell after successful popular uprisings against economic crisis, misrule, corruption and repression of the opposition. From the moment of the people's uprising in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, it was predicted by the political and intellectual circles that there would be a rebellion of the same nature in Nepal. Such a projection was not unnatural in the scenario as widespread dissatisfaction, anger and disillusionment were growing among the people due to corruption and misrule. 

From Parliament to the streets, from the media to social media, from the tea shop to the square, a strong negative commentary was established by the intense criticism of the government, major parties and top leaders. From the power center of Kathmandu to the political parties and from the politicians to the media people, they were begging, praying and performing aarti for Nepal to become Sri Lanka or Bangladesh.

Like such predictions and projections, hope and suspicion have been created in the people at the same time after the coup has succeeded. On the one hand, Karki's interim government is expected to do something, on the other hand, will the election be held on February 21 as announced by the government? Suspicion has also been created. If not, what will be the future of democracy and constitution? Will Nepal become Bangladesh or Sri Lanka? An alarming debate has started. 

image of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka 

The Rajapakse family, which had been in power for nearly two decades, was ousted from power by the rebellion of the Sri Lankan people. The then President Gotabaya Rajapakse took refuge in Singapore after the people revolted. In fact, the Rajapakse family had a patriarchy in the name of democracy in Sri Lanka.

Mahinda Rajapakse was the president from 2005 to 2015 in Sri Lanka, where the political rise of the Rajapakse family began. After Mahinda Rajapaksa, his brother Gotabaya Rajapaksa became the President in 2019. He was the president until he was ousted by a coup in 2022. After Gotabaya Rajapaksa became President, his brother Mahinda Rajapaksa became Prime Minister again. Now in Sri Lanka, cases like corruption, suppression of opposition parties, violation of human rights are going on against the Rajapakse brothers. 

Bangladesh's Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who had been ruling in the name of democracy for nearly two decades, was overthrown after the opposition party supported the youth-student movement. Forced to take refuge in India after the rebellion reached its peak, she is still living in exile. Hasina, the daughter of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the supreme leader and founder of Bangladesh's freedom struggle, ruled for the longest time, about 2 decades.

She first served as Prime Minister from 1996 to 2001, and from 2009 to 2024 when she was overthrown by a popular uprising. But Hasina is a vivid example of how the "Iron Lady" who succeeded in establishing democracy by fighting hard against the military regime, became totalitarian and dictatorial due to authoritarianism. Hasina's reign was terror in the name of democracy and elections. So democracy weakened and totalitarian tendencies prevailed. 

Initially the movement was focused against reservation. But the government repressed the movement widely, killing and arresting. After the government killed and massacred about 1000 people, the movement took the form of a mass movement and public revolt. Then broad political, economic, social, cultural issues were raised. Therefore, due to misrule and corruption, people's widespread dissatisfaction with the government, suppression of the opposition, economic crisis, patriarchy and totalitarianism have become the image of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. 

Comparison of Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka 

People's perception towards the government, the nature of the movement and the political scenario after the movement are very similar between Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The insurgency in Nepal seems to be inspired by Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The 'Nepo Kids' campaign seems to have been more influenced by Indonesia and the Philippines. For two decades Sri Lanka was ruled by the Rajapakse family and Hasina in Bangladesh.

Even in Nepal, the power syndicate of three unpopular and unsuccessful leaders (Sher Bahadur Deuba, KP Oli and Pushpa Kamal Dahal) of traditional and old three parties (Congress, UML, Maoist) has been running for two decades. The Sri Lankan people were against the Rajapakse family and the Bangladeshi people against Hasina's totalitarianism. Nepalese people are against the syndicate of Deuba, Oli and Dahal. Which has been confirmed during the 23rd and 24th rebellion. 

is a movement by an unorganized group of young students in Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. In all the three countries, the protesters occupied the presidential palace, government offices, and the parliament building and hoisted the national flag. In Nepal on August 24, a suspicious trend was infiltrated and extensive arson and vandalism of public property was also done. Likewise, party offices and leaders' residences, media houses, private sector business establishments were set on fire and vandalized, and party leaders were also physically attacked.

Rebellions in all three countries spiral out of control and become chaotic and destructive. Both Rajapakse and Hasina were forced to leave the country and seek refuge abroad. Even in Nepal, a complicated situation was created where the Prime Minister, Ministers and leaders had to be rescued by the army and kept in a safe place. But no one had to go abroad. In no country was the army attacked and the army did not suppress the rebellion. Following the success of the coup, the military played a leading role in managing the political transition, including the formation of an interim government. Perhaps this is not just a coincidence.

How is a crisis created on democracy?

How do governments, parties and leaders elected through the democratic process become authoritarian and totalitarian by weakening the democratic system and institutions? The latest examples are Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The reality that democracy is in serious crisis due to the totalitarian and authoritarian tendencies of the parties elected from the democratic system is presented in the book "How Democracy Dies" with facts and figures.

Harvard University professors Stevin Levitsky and Daniel Giblot, who have been conducting an in-depth study of the ups and downs of the democratic system, have come to the bitter conclusion that democracy is in decline. In the book published in 2018, their conclusion is - 'Cold War communism, fascism, military rule and one-party dictatorship are not the current challenge. Totalitarianism and authoritarianism of the elected parties, extremism, populism, religious fundamentalism, anarchism, protectionism, developmentism, casteism are the main challenges. If the challenge is not addressed in time, he has warned that the democratic system will crash further. 

Not only Levitsky and Ziblot, Stanford University professor Larry Diamond also concluded that the democratic system is in decline in the book "Democracy in Decline" published in 2015. Similarly, Yashcha Mounk, another professor of Harvard University, has also explained with facts and data that democracy has failed due to populism and extremism in the book titled 'The People vs. Democracy' published in 2018.

Francis Fukuyama, who announced the end of history in the book "The End of History" published in 1992, has also expressed concern that a serious challenge has been created for liberal democracy worldwide, including America and Europe. Analyzing on the basis of these overall scenarios, it has been confirmed that the problem is not only in the authoritarian and totalitarian regime, but the authoritarian and authoritarian tendencies of the parties elected by the democratic system are equally fatal for democracy.  How to prevent

from becoming Bangladesh?

Nepal has become the first phase of Bangladesh. Can it be prevented from becoming a second stage Bangladesh? That is a complex and unanswered question. The only way to prevent Bangladesh from becoming a second phase is the assembly elections on February 21. There is no other option for protecting democracy and the constitution.

If the election is not held on February 21, another imaginable political and constitutional crisis will be created. Therefore, the interim government formed with the main responsibility of conducting elections within 6 months should conduct dialogue, discussion and consultation with the parties in a free, fair and fear-free environment on the scheduled date. Parties should also go to the election without saying if, but, but, but. Neither the government nor the party has any other option other than the election. 

The conspiracy to abolish the constitution made by the historic Constituent Assembly in Nepathya is still ongoing. The visible and invisible power centers did not even conspire to abolish the constitution during the formation of the interim government. But after President Ramchandra Paudel's loyalty and commitment to the Constitution, the agitating Gen-G community's confession that 'Constitution is needed' and the warning of the party and the intellectual community, such an accident has been averted for now.

Therefore, the government and parties should be highly aware and cautious about such a conspiracy. Especially the Congress, UML, Maoists and other parties who played a leading role in establishing the Federal Democratic Republic through the historical people's movement of 2062/63 should seriously absorb this harsh reality. 

has now become a very negative comment towards the party and the leader. But democracy is a party system. In democracy there is a choice of parties, there is no choice of party system. But parties also need to reorganize, transform and purify themselves. If not, there is no future for Congress, UML, Maoist and other parties in the status quo. The failed leadership of these parties could not protect democracy and the constitution and will not be able to in the future.

In order to protect the constitution and democracy, it is inevitable to change such a failed leadership and establish a new leadership immediately. Therefore, reform should be initiated from the party itself. That the old party had to be rebuilt. If not, a new party had to be formed. The current crisis and the explosion of the movement, which was created because of these three failed and unpopular leaders who failed to deliver despite being given the opportunity many times, has become a reality like the sun. Therefore, the leader-activists of the party will also go along with the failed, unpopular and discredited leadership, or will they play a leadership role in reorganizing, transforming and purifying the party? They don't have a third option.

Is the election possible? There is no alternative to

elections. But not without challenges. Analyzing from the political and security dimensions up to now, a reliable basis for holding elections on February 21 has not been created. So far, the parties themselves are not politically and psychologically prepared for the elections. Singhdarbar, Sheetal Niwas, Supreme Court, Parliament Building and Ward Offices are not even the offices of the Executive and the Judiciary. Now the court has to put up the tent and deliver justice and the government has to do the work. On the one hand, there is no office, on the other hand, the records and documents so far have been burnt to ashes. How can the government and the court conduct elections in such a situation?

Peace and security is the first and essential condition for conducting elections in a free, fair and fear-free environment. But it seems to be the most challenging from the point of view of peace and security. On the one hand, the morale of the security agencies is very weak, on the other hand, more than 1100 weapons of the Nepal Police have been stolen. Most of the offices of Nepal Police have been burnt, communication equipment is not enough, they do not even have minimum uniforms and safety equipment. An atmosphere of fear and terror has been created after prisoners and criminals who have escaped from prisons involved in serious crimes have started murdering, raping, stealing, and robbing. 

Although the election of the Constituent Assembly in 2064 was no less challenging. But the election was held in a very complicated situation from both political and security point of view at that time. There is no situation where elections cannot be held due to security. Security agencies have been performing their roles and duties even in very complex and sensitive situations. But the current situation is more complex and sensitive than the past. Therefore, if the government is committed and honest to hold the election on the scheduled date, first of all, it should raise the morale of the security agencies and manage the necessary budget, resources and equipment to maintain peace and order without delay. 

The reality that everyone should remember is that elections were held in Sri Lanka in September 2024. But even though it has been more than a year since the formation of the interim government in Bangladesh, the date of the election has not been announced yet. Sheikh Hasina's party Awami League has been banned by the interim government in May 2025 and registration of new parties has also been banned. On the one hand, the delay in the election, on the other hand, the ban on the party participating in the election? What kind of democracy and what kind of election is this? Therefore, with the uncertainty of the election, a serious question mark has been raised on the future of Bangladesh's democracy and constitution. So Nepal should not become Bangladesh anymore.