History is often written in tears and blood, forged in darkness. But think what if those tears and blood had not flowed? If that mode did not come? Kantipur has introduced a new debate series – 'Alternative History', in which we ask, 'What would have happened then...?'

If some decisive events in Nepal had developed differently, would we be a little happier today? Would you be happy? Or were we struggling to achieve this achievement? In the first series, we are going back to the 2058 Darbar massacre -

, a night that changed Nepali political history in an instant. From kings, queens, crown princes, the palaces fell together, the map of power changed, perhaps the pillars of the republic stood on that foundation. But if it was not a murder - what would have happened?

Could King Birendra have negotiated with the Maoists and led the country to the path of peace? Would he kill Shakti like Gyanendra and lead to the downfall of the monarchy? Would the mainstream parties and the Maoists clash and destroy one or the other? And, would we now be witnessing development and good governance instead of corruption and despair?

Yes, we cannot change history. But we can think, understand, learn and draw a path to prosperity. So in this series we will include the arguments of analysts, historians, writers, sociologists, students and common citizens.

...

In political science, the approach of explaining political events and results from the perspective of how economic, social, and political institutions are built, changed, and how they influence each other is called institutionalism. Separately from this, since every person puts his benefit in the center when making any decision, the rationality of the individual or group should be taken into account . Or, there are many other viewpoints such as the economic structure is decisive.

is a popular concept within the subgroup of historical institutionalism within the method of analyzing political development by focusing on 'critical junctures' or decision-making modes. According to them, the institutions that are in vogue now, they started with a small change at some point in history .

Every organization has its own development . Politics can be observed closely only by analyzing how such institutions have developed, continued or changed and how they are influencing the current politics.

As mentioned in the book on labor movement and democracy in Latin America by Brenice Collier and David Collier, published by Princeton University Press in the United States in 1991, when studying political events based on critical junctures, one should start with what kind of political division there was before the event began and how the event led to a decisive mode. Also, the study should focus on analyzing the main reasons for the development, continuation or merger of such decisive institutions . It is my understanding that the analysis of this series of

Kantipur Daily is based on the same approach. The main purpose of this series is to brainstorm how the Darbar massacre and subsequent political events turned from a small cloud into a torrential rain and are still affecting today.

This article is also written in the same context. Here, this discussion is focused on the effect of the Darbar massacre and the political events surrounding it on the political environment necessary to institutionalize democracy and what is its current state. Even now, our democracy has not fully taken root and it has been reacting even to small challenges. What are the reasons for this decline in democratic practice despite the end of the monarchy, which is considered to be the biggest obstacle to democratic practice? The question of what went wrong and how it could not be improved should be taken naturally.

Any kind of political system in the world requires a minimal political and social environment to produce results. Such an environment is more sensitive and decisive in the effective operation of a democratic system governed by people elected by the people . This article is asking the question - Is the environment that facilitates the democratic governance system, which was clouded by the Darbar massacre and the subsequent events, has now become clear? The argument of this article is that the

is still not there. Yes, economically and socially we have made great progress in the last few decades. In terms of political system, we are institutionalizing the federal democratic republic in the midst of complex political developments. In terms of direction, we are right . But this article suggests that we should also look back once to speed up the pace .

Political events

Our discussion should start at least from 2051 . Mid-term elections for the House of Representatives were held on November 29 that year. The mid-term elections were held due to the dissolution of the Parliament by the then King on the recommendation of the Congress Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala who won the majority in the general elections held in 2048. No party could get a majority in the election. A minority government was formed under the leadership of Manomahan Adhikari, the leader of the parliamentary party of UML, the first party in the House of Representatives.

A motion of no confidence was filed against the government in the House of Representatives within 9 months. Prime Minister Adhikari dissolved the Parliament without going through the process of taking the vote of confidence. But the Supreme Court overturned the dissolution on 12 August 2052. A no-confidence motion was voted against him and the motion was passed. He lost the position .

After that, the government change and the politics of alliances continue till today. The trend of increasing the number of ministers to form and sustain the government is also at that time  Installed . A quarter of the members in the parliament became ministers at the same time. After becoming a member of parliament, it became a precedent that everyone's turn to become a minister. After becoming a minister, the importance of the position of MP also increased . Politicians started using all kinds of power for that .

In the midst of similar events, on February 1, 2052, a 'people's war' was declared in the country in the name of CPN-Maoist. On one hand, the country was engulfed in war, on the other hand, Surya Bahadur Thapa and Lokendra Bahadur Chand, who had become prime ministers in the panchayat system, were also becoming prime ministers in the democratic era. Their proponents and supporters were Congress and UML who fought against the Panchayat system. Five Prime Ministers became in five years .

After the restoration of democracy, the third general election was held in 2056. Congress again brought the majority and Krishna Prasad Bhattarai became the Prime Minister. But after a motion of no confidence was registered against him in the parliamentary party, he had to resign. Girija Prasad Koirala became the Prime Minister again.

When such political instability was existing in Kathmandu, the conflict between the Maoists and the government was increasing day by day. In October 2057, Dolpa headquarters was attacked in Dunai. If we analyze the impact of

history on current politics, it is also inevitable to account for the question of why the political distortions that started in this period have continued to this day.

The Darwar massacre took place amid such political instability . After a long struggle against the Panchayat system, the political authority of the parties holding the reins of power was weakening. He was not able to give the results as per the expectations of the people when he was in power. The management of leaders and workers was the main issue of politics. The main political parties were so united that they could not even manage the rift between them.

The relationship between King Gyanendra, who ascended the throne in May 2058, and the then Prime Minister was conflictual from the beginning. The then Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala resigned due to the conflict. According to the decision of the Council of Ministers on November 11, 2058, the country is under crisis. In May 2059, the King dissolved the House of Representatives on the recommendation of the government. After that, elections were held in the country only in 2064 Chait .

On January 19, 2061, the then King Gyanendra implemented direct rule. The parties in the parliament started a movement demanding the restoration of the parliament. They also started talks with the Maoists . On November 7, 2062, they agreed on 12 points. Under the same guise, a decisive street movement against the rule of the then King Gyanendra started in 2062 Chait .

2063 At midnight on the 11th of Baisakh, the then king Gyanendra announced the restoration of the parliament in the name of the nation. Girija Prasad Koirala became the prime minister again. Gradually, a comprehensive peace agreement was signed between the government and the Maoists on November 5, 2063. 2064 Chait 28 The first election of the Constituent Assembly was completed. But this assembly could not create a constitution and  The second election was held in 2070. Finally, the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal was released on 3 October 2072.

Now, let's brainstorm, in the midst of such political events, the Durbar massacre in Nepal's politics so far in terms of three major results of far-reaching importance.

1. The separation between the governance system and the principle of nationalism

Many political scientists agree that nationalism should be strong to institutionalize democracy or economic development. This fact has been accepted by Francis Fukuyama, an American theorist and scholar of Japanese origin who has been continuously advocating democracy since the end of the twentieth century.

In an article he wrote in the Journal of Democracy in 2018, he said, 'National identity is decisive in the fate of a modern state and national identity is not only the physical security of the state, but it also inspires good governance, facilitates economic development, increases trust among citizens, strengthens social security and finally makes democracy possible.' It doesn't even need further explanation . If the state is a body, nationality is the soul of that body. In that case, that soul definitely has an exclusive relationship with the political system of that time. This debate on basic and minimum needs has not yet been prioritized in Nepal.

Nepal tried to walk on the same path for a long time . In the modern era, the nationalism of Nepal was based on a history of bravery, monarchy as a system of government and Hinduism as a symbol of unity and religious tolerance in diversity. Certainly, the number of citizens who felt that they were not represented within these principles was also increasing significantly. 

However, because of not being able to give satisfactory answers to all the citizens about the questions raised in the Darbar murder case, many questions were raised about the royal institution. The direct rule of the king, which was practiced by keeping the people's questions as it was, raised many people against this system . The Constituent Assembly, elected by the citizens, dismissed the monarchy from Nepal forever. Nepal adopted the principle of secularism. After a long political struggle, the constitution was issued and Nepal was transformed into a federal democratic republic.

But, today, when discussing the common identity of Nepal and Nepalese, do we focus on the principles of the current governance system? Even today, we have not been able to make fundamental improvements in this series of divisions that started with the Darbar massacre.

Now is the time to reflect on the political definition of Nepali nationality. The entire Nepali politics and academics should self-critically question - What should we have tried and done to bring everyone together in the principle of comprehensive national unity based on the democratic system that we brought from a long struggle? The

needs to be clear about two things . First, here it is not worth trying to argue that the monarchy was right for the nation. Many types of governance systems are practiced around the world. Among the countries with the same type of governance system, nationalism is strong in some countries and weak in others. Therefore, the system of governance is not decisive in itself in the case of nationality .

Second, there are many reasons why we love this country. However, when we are focused on such political causes, we can speed up economic and political development at that time. There is no concrete alternative to go on the path of comprehensive national unity by refining the principles of nationalism of the state of Nepal centered on the principles of federalism, democracy and republic, providing civic education and showing sincerity towards it by all stakeholders.

2. The merger of Congress-Communist forces and the rise of Jung Bahadur's ghost

The effect of the non-party character of the Panchayat system remained for a long time . In many lands of democracy for democracy for democracy, in many lands, from 1970, 1970's 1980s, rehabilitation of democracy from the 1980s, the rehabilitation of democracy from the 1980s. Here even here the election would take the elections as in Nepal, such as authoritarian rulers would take the elections and nbsp;. The defeat of authoritarian rulers in many lands could not be envissessed and nbsp;. The whole power of the state was spent and Nbsp to elevate the party of the authoritarian rulers. It would have had nearly the same in Nepal but not a formal political party with the Panchayat system and Nbsp;. It was a powerless system & nbsp;.

-Juterial rulers participated in the election as a boundariated in the election as a boundaries, so that the groups of democracy was basically advocating the good practices of the old In that case, such parties will naturally be focused on the natural views and nbsp;. Who was against the authoritarian rule, they followed a progressive idea and NBSP;.

like South Korea is a clear example & nbsp;. There was a statement rule over 1987 and Nbsp ;. In a President's election in December 1987, the foreign national rule was significant in a significant opinion in the military rule and the democratic justice teams were constructed by military rulers and nbsp;... If the parties had given priority to the right wing ideas, other parties in a democratic movement prefer progressive ideas and nbsp;. Even the names of the parties and the leadership is the same today as well as Korean politics as well as in Korean politics; & NBSP;

is customs to classify political parties or groups that the national parties or groups are right or progressive. After the decline in democracy in 2046 BS, such classification is called the Congress-Communist in a speech and Nbsp;. However, some fixed issues were evident in advance in a certain cases, than that time had clarical and Nbsp;.. Their differences for Cold War is a vivid example and nbsp;.. In the connection of the multi-party practice of

2046, they increased the differences in economic, social and political issues, and Nbsp;. This has been developing the ritual of policy political debaters in Nepal and Nbsp ;. Since ideal debate among the parties was fortunately bases to positively evaluate it as indispensable political development. However, the sounds that the country was negatively affected by the Congress-Communist, it was not weak, and nbsp;. The Durbar murders in the stairs-BREAK political events are made in the same place, and the parties in the two polar political views based on two polar political ideas based on the two polar political views, so the pricing was lost from politics and nbsp;.

Early are integrated for the movement against the king & nbsp;. For some time, a new two pole called kings and political parties and nbsp;.. But with the leadership of the Maoists in 2063, the leadership of the Girija Prasad Koirala began to run the government with the parties to question each other's existence so far and nbsp;..

not permanent enemy was not permanent enemy in the politics of the politics to the politics of thoughts to Aryhag. It is not raised today and Nbsp ;. Different opinion does not make it rejects the fact that the formation of different policies, national development roadmap building construction of national development and nbsp;..

is transplanted a new Witm that could only be an area of new poison that could only be carried out of the wild ;. The leaders of the leaders of political parties came & nbsp;. More than in another word, 'I have a lot of Jung Bahardur's soul,' and Nbsp ;.

coincidentally, Horizing the country in the same period last went to work in non-democratic countries and nbsp;.. The oxencies of social network was developed & nbsp;. They also did the political environment in the political environment and NBSP;. Today, the idea of reigning about Singapati today is the case today that no matter the implining 'strong governor' time in that time, and Nbsp;.

but, it will not lead to the basic fact that it is based on such thinking and nbsp ;.. Thousands of people who follow the people of the people that they begin with world history, there is a confession of Nepali politics today and still the Nbsp; & NBSP;.

3. More power gain, weak politics in leadership, the debate of political parties, and the chief parties are more powerful with the parliament, and Nbsp ;.. At that time, the condition of many organizations that have lost his power has not been able to completely improve today and nbsp;. Even the political right to be in the formal institutions of the state has been implicit into special and nbsp;. Continuation of such a situation has weakened the whole politics, and Nbsp;. Let's see how the story-braak is becoming powerful & nbsp;. The first base led is the continuation of the lead ;.. The Durbar Margin is the President of the time of the time of time and Nbsp ;. The current Prime Minister KP Sharma was in Deputy Prime Minister and NBSP in the Inter-Government for the Interim Government for the Interim Government 2063 BS in 2063 BS. There may be other external reasons, but the political parties have received unprecedented continuity and nbsp;.. Simple Nepalis, a group of such continuity and stability in every politicular parties, is the spurities of the world and nbsp;.

Another important aspect is the freedom of decisions received by political leadership & nbsp;. As mentioned above, meetings between the paid murder was twenty-two and nbsp;. Homeia and nbsp in the movement of the Deposit Defunction and the king's direct governance;. Medation began not only for the big leaders, not only big leaders, not alone, to the village level and the national female organization. Rehabilitation of Parliament, a ministerial mechanism was a formal mechanism living by the Commission for the Commission for Second Commission for the instructions of the Commission for the Second Local Decision, and Nbsp ;.. This was a multi-storey mechanism in every level and the heads of that mechanism and the leadership of the area as the tools within their parties would use the power within their parts and nbsp;.

such a political practice is still existing and nbsp;. The above practice developed gradually evolve the new rite of the alliance & nbsp;. First decision to make decisions in its favor and follows and approve of his party, Nepali politics is shared and non-valuable practices of Nepali politics and nbsp;. The influence of political leadership is not only within the parties, but to all the levels of state and society and Nbsp.. Once the group rules, every leadership received a lot in the important part of power and was used as a continuation of the continual tool of its leadership, and Nbsp ;..

, but Nbsp in the same time the political bodies and nbsp were not as powerful as Parliament, Federalism, and local level meetings and local level meetings, the Nagonabha Assembly), are representative examples, from its representative examples. Question wasazing on the parliament and Nbsp after attending the constitution and dialogue in the parliamentary during the constitution making constitution and communications. There are still many questions about the role of parliament as well as Nbsp;. & Nbsp; Being from

2079 BS, only 10 laws were built in 2 November and two laws were built only in a period of two laws during the year and NBSP;. Concrete progress has not been made on the ruling laws of the state for a long time in the parliament. When many questions about the government and the judiciary, the parliament has been misunderstood in addressing the questions of the people. As mentioned above, this leader is a result of being powerful and nbsp;. Six-BREAK has started in the final of 50's and is not completely free from its effect today, and NBSP;. The answer to which almost all the institutions and bodies of the system seem to ask 'it every time,' there is a feeling of the system of governance and nbsp;?

last,

Murder, the political environment that needed to institutionalize democracy and Nbsp ;. Between difficult situations, we have made statement progress. However, it is apprehension of this article that there is still a political environment that requires political environment like institutionalizing democracy, it has not yet been reinstated. Yes, our car are well running on Baschi roads. Why doesn't I do that

but small people, sacrifice and cooperation can not be sloping the road, and NBSP;? Let's move to Khalddhulddi, initially and Nbsp ;. So so that the passenger walking on the road may not feel that this journey is risky. For that, I had to identify where the one where you are damaged.

is essential to the principle based on the same rule-system system and Nbsp;. In its glorious, we need to rise above the party and all other types of identity. Among political parties, whoever has a great crowd, there is no compensation, and NBSP;.