The Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security, which has taken responsibility for managing labor migration on behalf of the Government of Nepal. It announced last year that it had started the process in collaboration with its economic and technical partners to prepare a new policy blueprint by revising the Foreign Employment Act of 2064.

 It was also reported through the media that there were some discussions in this regard. However, complaints about the lack of comprehensive discussion among the stakeholders did not come to the immigration network. It was natural to expect a broad debate on an integral dimension of the current Nepali society like labor migration, but there was no way that such a multi-faceted and multilateral debate could be held by the Ministry of Labour.

In the midst of similar complaints, the government's policy research institute held a one-day wide-ranging discussion between people and organizations concerned with labor migration, researching and advocating for the rights of immigrants. The discussion which was important in itself, was also critical of the working style of the responsible ministry and the intention, capacity and process of preparing the comprehensive policy framework.

Stakeholders participated in the discussion about labor migration internal, Nepal-India and government-opened world labor market formally and informally working, sold and smuggled workers problems, challenges, protection and prospects after returning with skills. There was a debate on the outline of an integrated labor migration policy and its fundamental aspects. A 19-page draft prepared by a team formed by the Ministry was also made available to the participants to prepare for the

discussion. The draft named 'Labor Immigration Policy 2081' was a general revised document that carried the spirit of the earlier policy blueprint and especially the Act of 2064, the content of which was aimed at promoting foreign employment professionals rather than focusing on migrant workers. Why not?

Some of the members of the draft committee were also publicly advocating that the role of the state should be reduced in the management of labor migration in a democratic system with a liberal economy and more role should be given to the private sector. The question here is not whether to give more or less role to the private sector or how to monitor. Instead, employed in the global labor market 

What should be the current state's responsibility for the protection and protection of its citizens, which is said to be of a welfare nature. At the same time, the protection of the fundamental right to work within the democratic constitution and whether the state itself is within the international norms, rules and framework agreed upon as a party state or not.

Nepal is not only a member of the United Nations, but also an active and important partner of key UN bodies that lead in the protection, rights, rights and protection of migrant workers. These bodies have many labor-friendly standards and guidelines, which cooperate with member states, labor market, labor organizations, employers and foreign employment professionals to make the labor migration process clean, transparent, rights-oriented and accountable to businessmen, facilitating a transparent and clean process. Apart from these, there are blueprints, platforms and examples created by Nepal itself at the regional and global levels.

is not intended to review the draft mentioned here. However, even if the analysis done by the Ministry's partners is to be taken as a basis, there are many indications that the draft is basically out of time. Especially in recent years, changes in the global economy have added complexity to the labor market, including environmental and man-made disasters, wars and internal conflicts, and the challenges and opportunities created by them, the changing methods of fraud of foreign employment professionals and the protection of their political parties, from their own backyard to the destination workplace. A level analysis is necessary to identify and break the cycle of exploitation that is institutionalized between the network of brokers and employers. 

On the other hand, such traditional blueprints can neither address the challenges nor institutionalize the potential in the current fluid times to properly utilize some of the economic, many socio-cultural, and technological remittances gained from immigration without a nuanced analysis of the ever-shrinking domestic labor market conditions. to do

In addition, various networks of workers working in destination countries have also been built in recent years. What are the aspects that can be learned from the good efforts they have made to provide the necessary support to fellow workers, coordinate with the relevant embassies to avoid fraud and even save the lives of vulnerable workers, which can be benefited politically, there are also many aspects in the form of immigration capital. 

What all of us interested in labor migration need to understand is that migration has no political boundaries. The wages and other economic scope of migrant workers are not determined by the state employee wage determination agency, and the character of labor is not monitored by national standards. This is determined by the changing labor market of the destination country over time, which tends to be unstable. Often also of a temporary character. And based on age, nationality, sexuality, skills and abilities and in some markets, skin color.

The determination of these parameters is strictly determined by the market according to the character of the economy of the destination concerned. However, international standards are built on the basis of positive qualities like equality, transparency, cleanliness and are also approved by the governments of the destination countries. However, the extent to which Asian labor markets adhere to these standards is questionable. Even in the midst of such opportunities, possibilities and challenges, the draft prepared by the team created by the ministry did not analyze the complexities of the 21st century with the various dimensions of overall migration including labor. 

The responsibility for this should be taken by the Talukdar Ministry rather than the draft team, but there are signs that the possibility of such a sense of responsibility in the ministry is diminishing. Due to the necessary coordination with the relevant government agencies, the current political leadership of the Ministry is showing a tendency to promote the role of businessmen who exploit the workers rather than the clean recruitment process of migrant workers and their protection.

This is confirmed by the minister's statement that instead of making government health agencies more labor-friendly and efficient, the ministry will open a separate health testing center. His statement, which was made public with reference to the International Migration Day, is against the need for an integrated migration policy to address the complexity of labor migration in Nepal.

His expression is not the first. The GTUG (Government-level Labor Migration Facilitation) agreement with Korea and Israel is also said to be entrusted to businessmen from time to time.

Although expressing suspicions about the background of the current minister's statements that promote a policy framework that facilitates the foreign employment professionals who are left unbridled in the name of the private sector and the political Mau organization whose interests conflict and the representative ministers of the same Mau organization and the ambassadors of the party to be appointed at the original destination It has been more than three months that the suggestions suggested by the participants through Niti Pratishthan have been submitted in written form. But what is the Ministry's opinion on the suggestions made by labor networks in that and other similar contexts? This question remains unanswered. However, my suggestions are as follows:

1) The need for a fundamental definition of policy concept/immigration

Nepal's geopolitical constraints, challenges and opportunities associated with the border, socio-cultural capital available through relations with neighbors, the complexity and potential of the labor market of destination countries, the variety of immigration By thoroughly analyzing various aspects such as positive and negative dimensions such as human trafficking, human smuggling, permanent migration to other countries, overall migration in the environment of Nepal and its Also, there is a need to establish a national definition of what labor migration is and what it is not.

because the understanding of immigration is found in ministries, governments, parties and groups. Until there is uniformity in understanding, the understanding of the opportunities and challenges it creates becomes complex and the policy framework and strategy to address it is also confused. That's what happened now.

2) Clarity is necessary in the interrelationship between the dimensions

In the environment of open border with India, human trafficking and human smuggling are used as a means of labor migration process, adding an additional challenge to addressing labor migration in Nepal. It is only possible to address these dimensions if we are clear about the interrelationship of these three distinct but interrelated dimensions of migration.

When the interrelationship is not clear, there are many cases where there is a tendency to consider labor migration as human trafficking, and trafficking as human trafficking or sometimes as labor migration. As a result, there is confusion in the Ministry of Women, Ministry of Labour, Ministry of Home Affairs and other agencies, the victims do not get justice and in some cases, criminals escape. Therefore, it is necessary to include these dimensions in the integrated immigration policy framework and facilitate the creation of detailed policy frameworks that present their complexities, interrelationships and differences.

3) Coordination and cooperation between agencies is mandatory

Lack of coordination between related agencies in immigration management is the main challenge at present. Labor migration should not be limited to the responsibility of a single ministry or department. Since labor migration itself is a process that requires the coordination and cooperation of many agencies, the individual, his family, local municipality and ward processes, labor market, employers, facilitating foreign employment professionals, road and air transport, central government health, security, immigration, gender importance agencies, Agencies responsible for foreign affairs and embassies, courts, skill/training agencies, language training centers, banks or financial facilitation organizations and facilitating the formulation of plans for proper utilization of remittances The bodies that advocate for the rights of migrant workers, including the agency, and the manpower and structures for rescue and counseling when necessary, are the bodies that are directly concerned.

They should be included in the framework of an integrated migration policy framework. This essential but complex process is to be facilitated by a body like the Ministry of Labour, but the current structure and character of the Ministry of Labor neither has the status nor the credibility of this complex combination. Therefore, a radical reorganization of the Ministry of Labor is necessary to institutionalize coordination and cooperation.

4. The need for labor diplomacy

The future diplomacy should include not only political and business, but also the concept of labor diplomacy. It has become necessary to redefine the concept and role of traditional embassies for the protection of the rights and interests of its citizens included in the scope of the global compact of migration proposed by ILO and IOM as well as other regional and international standards in order to negotiate a balanced labor agreement with the major labor destination countries of Nepal.

We are not able to force our arguments even on the labor contract which is not renewed now. Making a labor agreement without clear labor diplomacy is like calling the ambassador of the destination country to the ministry and requesting them to take the maximum number of Nepali unemployed youth, which is what we are doing now. We have to rise above this trend and look at the nature of labor and protect domestic workers by doing JTUG as modeled in Korea and Israel in a gender-risky market.

Labor diplomacy must be the cornerstone of an integrated immigration policy, and only then can we do justice to the labor and migration of our workers. To do this, a radical restructuring of our current embassies is necessary. Embassies should be empowered with a clear concept, relevant manpower and financial resources and should send experienced national servants, not political activists, to major labor destination countries.

5. Integrating immigration-acquired capital into the development process is a must

Just as labor diplomacy has become an essential dimension of our foreign policy, remittances have also been the key to our development for decades. However, the Planning Commission and its agencies could not accept this reality. It is not enough to simply state that the remittance will be used in the periodic planning document.

will be coordinated to connect to federalism and how to medium and technical remittances can be clearly involved in immigration policy. It means that the skills, skills, experiences and dreams of labor working on the destination is to link in prosperity of the society and nations. & Nbsp;