In 2073, 1 million 53 thousand 824 children were enrolled in grade 1, but ten years later, by the time the 2082 SEE was administered, the number of students had decreased to 430 thousand 667.
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Children enrolled in grade 1 in 2073 participated in the grade 10 SEE conducted last Chaitra. At that time, 1 million 53 thousand 824 people were enrolled in grade 1. However, the number of students participating in the SEE was limited to 4 lakh 30 thousand 667. This data shows that 6 lakh 23 thousand 157 children enrolled in school dropped out of the class or failed and repeated the class.
Only 40.86 percent of those enrolled in grade 1 completed their studies up to grade 10. Among those who participated in the SEE exam, 1 lakh 46 thousand 500 students failed and were ineligible for admission to grade 11. Supplementary exams are being conducted for them from Asad 1. Compulsory education has been arranged up to grade 8. However, data from the Ministry of Education shows that 59 percent of the students enrolled in grade 1 did not complete grade 8.
Out of the students enrolled in Grade 1 in 2073, only 621,848 students were enrolled in Grade 8 in 2080, according to a report by the Education and Human Resources Center. Director General of the Center, Anaprasad Neupane, says that due to the tendency of failing and repeating grades and dropping out of grades, not all students enrolled in Grade 1 have reached Grade 10. ‘The number of children repeating grades is higher than dropping out of grades,’ he said. ‘Even if they drop out of grades, the number of students who come back the next year is also large.’
In 2073, 530,176 girls and 523,648 boys were enrolled in Grade 1, making a total of 1,053,000. According to the flash report, the number of students in the class by the end of the academic session was 927,993. That is, 125,831 students dropped out of school without completing Grade 1. Some of these students were re-enrolled in 2074, the center said.
In 2073, 1 million 53,824 children were enrolled in grade 1, but ten years later, by the time the SEE was administered in 2082, the number of students had decreased to 430,667. The reasons for students dropping out of school vary from student to student depending on the school level, says educationist Sansavan Koirala. According to him, children drop out of school prematurely due to economic, social, and personal reasons. He studied 27,000 students from 77 districts who dropped out.
He said that the reasons for dropping out of school at the basic and secondary levels were different in the study. Many drop out of school in grades 1-5 due to economic reasons. The main reason is the financial hardship of the parents. Some have dropped out even though the school is far from home. The number of school dropouts due to personal reasons is high in grades 6-8. ‘Failure, unwillingness to go to school, teacher behavior, language problems, lack of reading/learning and understanding are common in students at this level,’ said Koirala, ‘The number of school dropouts due to social reasons is high in grades 9-12. After reaching secondary level, there is a tendency to get married and get married, and go for foreign employment.’
The federal and local governments have been running enrollment campaigns and various programs to keep children in the classroom for decades. The state has been investing billions in school education. But questions and complaints remain about the government’s student enrollment campaign, student retention programs in the classroom, student learning achievements and exam results.
Only 66 percent of students from across the country passed last year’s SEE. In Sudurpaschim, Karnali and Madhesh provinces, only students pass below the national average. This time, only 51 percent of students from Sudupaschim Province passed.
Last January, the National Statistics Office under the Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers had made public the details of 770,000 children remaining out of school. The office's report states that 770,000 children from remote regions and marginalized communities are out of school due to poverty, low income levels. Of these, more than 350,000 are not enrolled in school and the remaining more than 350,000 have dropped out of school. The report indicates that 10 percent of school-age children are out of the classroom. There are data that 7 million children are studying in schools across the country.
According to the Ministry's Educational Indicators 2082, the completion rate of basic education (grade 8) is 82 percent, while the retention rate up to grade 8 has reached 86.5 percent. Meanwhile, the government has issued the Compulsory and Free Education Act, 2075 BS, and has made arrangements for all citizens to complete their studies up to grade 8 by 2085 BS. The act has made provisions that if a person has not completed the basic level by 2085 Baisakh, he will be ineligible to get employment in government, non-government and private sector bodies, or to become an official or member. Section 19 of the act has also barred such persons from being elected, appointed and nominated to those bodies in the next two years.
The reasons for students dropping out of school vary from student to student according to the school level, says educationist Sansadhan Koirala, who is involved in the research. The student enrollment rate and retention rate in the classes after the basic level are found to be even weaker and more disappointing. The student enrollment rate for classes 9-12 is 56 percent and the student retention rate for classes 10 and 12 is only 67 percent and 41 percent, respectively. The data indicates that children of all school age groups have not been able to enroll in school and even if they have been enrolled, they have not continued in the class.
The report of the Statistics Office states that the highest number of children from Madhesh are out of school in terms of provinces. "In terms of ethnicity, many children from Madhesi, Madhesi Dalit and religious and linguistic minority communities have never attended school, while the number of children out of school among hill tribes and hill tribes is low," the report says.
The proportion of illiterate children in Madhesh is the highest at 14 percent. Economic conditions also have an impact on education. According to the report, only 11 percent of children from low-income families have completed secondary education, while this ratio is 22 percent in high-income families. Only 42 percent of children living with employers are attending school, while 89 percent of children living with their parents are attending school. The data shows that 92 percent of children living with their mothers only are attending school.
The government has been providing free textbooks, mid-day meals up to grade 5, scholarships for the poor and disadvantaged target groups, and sanitary pads to girl students to attract students and parents to schools. The Nepal Living Standards Survey Report 2081 has shown that students drop out of school and college classes for 9 reasons.
The survey conducted in about 10,000 households indicated that the highest number of children dropped out of school due to poor learning achievement. The report states that 28.1 percent cited poor learning achievement as the reason for dropping out. Education Ministry officials say that the tendency to drop out of classes is high after students fail. The survey stated that 21.4 percent of students responded that they had to help with household chores. 19.2 percent of students dropped out of school due to marriage while studying. Students also drop out of school due to expensive fees, jobs or work, parents not wanting to teach them, being satisfied with the qualifications they have acquired, and lack of opportunities to study at a higher level.
