Standing at the Equator and standing on one side of the 'Wallace Line', gazing at the astonishing reality, has added to my mind countless questions about the relationship between nature and life.

In the middle of the 19th century, the British explorer Alfred Russel Wallace gave the answer to one of the mysteries of the world by drawing the Wallace line. I am on the coast of Bali Island. Beyond there is a view of the rolling island of Lombok on the horizon. The distance between them of about 35 kilometers tells us that not everything is the same whether you see it with your eyes or come close to it. Lombok is a completely different world in terms of nature than what I have experienced.

The Wallace Line is an imaginary biological line in the sea between the Indonesian island of Bali and the western Philippines, creating two different worlds across it. North-West has one type of fauna and flora, while East-South has a completely different one. Even swimming and flying creatures do not cross that line.

The peculiar buoyancy of the sea-line which has prevented it for centuries, and the absence of migratory birds on the surrounding islands, seem to be a surprisingly well-established trend of the biological cycle. Species such as rhinoceros, elephants, tigers, water buffaloes found on the Asian side of the Wallace line are not found on the Australian side. And, animals like kangaroo, koala, echidna, which are towards Australia, have not come here.

In the 19th century, Charles Darwin's contemporary biologist Wallace spent about a decade in Indonesia and submitted his argument about the Wallace line that shocked the world. Wallace, who created the theory of 'natural selection' in collaboration with Darbin, answered that there was a huge difference between small and large populations at a time when the Earth had limited resources and knowledge. The 'Wallace Line' also supports the theory of origin presented by Darbin. A century after Wallace's death, the world has no shortage of mysteries. The questions are countless. And, every common man is digging his little secret as the world.

While studying for a master's degree, I went to the Cambridge University Museum one evening to see the plant specimens that Wallace had collected in Indonesia at the time. At that time, there was a lot of talk about a new species of fern being published in our university.

A century after Wallace gave the golden answer, people are still left with innumerable questions.

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Following the Wallace line on the same journey, last spring I reached the village of Umbo on the island of Borneo after Bali. It was a rare destination for me, a place I never thought I would ever reach in life. The third largest island in the world is shared by three countries, a quarter of which is Malaysia and most of the rest is Indonesia, and about one percent also includes Brunei. 

I came to this village in the Kalimanthan region of Indonesian Borneo when I was concerned about the condition of the salak, a mammal that lives in the hills and uphill mountains of Nepal, digging and eating ants and ants. Among the four species of salak found in Asia, the 'Sunda' salak species is now a big target for smugglers. In Nepal, there are still salaks even in places near busy Kathmandu. However, while the imprint of modernity is rare in Umbo, Salak is in crisis. One of the reasons why I reached there was to appreciate the alarming situation where the villagers hunted it like a normal daily life and the smugglers went to Kuna Kandra to buy its skin. 

But, that was a rare experience in my life. I was so lonely there that sometimes I used to question myself - am I not a traveler who walked in time travel? I found it very difficult to double talk with the local indigenous Dyaks. My friend who had accompanied me from Pontianak, a nearby town, would relay the questions I asked in English to the local interpreter. And he used to tell that to the Dyaks there in the local language. I had never done three levels of translation during my studies. That gave me an excuse to be more curious there. Looking at the trees and plants, people and the Dhanesh bird flying with its wings spread, I thought to myself - how did these creatures look like 170 years ago? However, these questions were not for the interpreter, but for his own mind.

The community and nature there are still in their prime. Cassava is the staple food of that place. Cassava is a bushy plant native to tropical South America and spread throughout the world. They eat cassava munta with vegetables, cassava yams for lunch, and in the evening, they eat a sweet bag made from cassava yams, which they call tuwak, to enjoy gossiping in the evening.

There is a square in the middle of the village. In the evening, young people gather to play volleyball. I also decided to join them in the game and entered the field and started with namaz. There was no electricity where the road did not reach, no one was interested in the phone, nor the network needed for it. Those tribals are mostly non-agricultural. There is almost no animal they cannot hunt. They have no choice but to be physically agile in order to survive in the harsh environment of nature.

There is almost zero state presence. It is not uncommon to see tribals and outsiders openly carrying homemade guns. Many armed groups were seen walking along the road. What are they looking for? It wasn't hard to guess. The friends who went to my aid and protection advised me not to photograph them and to keep a normal demeanor. However, my mind and brain were filled with a thousand questions.

A strange sight on the way to such a cruel place for wildlife caught my attention. Most of the houses, shops and office buildings were decorated with figures of Dhanes birds. That too in the main gate or axis. Some looked like they were made with a lot of effort and investment. Why so much affection for a bird in a place where no animal is killed and eaten?

Dayak tribals have long regarded the Dhanesh bird as a symbol of love, courage, purity and a means of communicating with their ancestors. What do people value? What does it ignore? The difference is very subtle. However, even though its basis is difficult to falsify, faith continues to give all of us amazing power. Why is it that a bird that grows in the same forest is sacred to a person in the form of God, while a bird is a prey for the kitchen? 

Going to find an answer to something else, I was disturbed by a question that no one asked at that time. There were very few things that bothered me in that little settlement in the middle of the jungle. So my dialogue with nature and myself was happening more. 

While walking in the forest, my local companion tasted a fruit. The taste of that fruit was like lychee, but the smell was different. He showed me the peel of the fruit. It looked like the bark of a salak. Coincidentally, its name is Salak in the local language. The Indonesian language is influenced by Sanskrit. And, what we call 'Salak' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Shallak'. Isn't that relationship connected to Indonesia?

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In natural science, conclusions based on facts have a very long lifespan. Which animal lives where? Habits, how is the reproductive process? How old is it? what do you eat Such facts do not change in history. As such, the facts and explanations established by Wallace are not going to change until there is another major upheaval on Earth or until new scientific arguments are introduced. However, the relationship between man and nature is different from place to place and rapidly changing.

The indigenous people of Umbo living around the equator are similar to the Nepali route. In the 1950s, after a major epidemic hit the area, they moved elsewhere. By the 1980s, when they tried to return to their native land, it had become a nature reserve and they were barred from entering it. However, they decided to stay next to it and the new Umbo village was formed. Now they have to learn to do some farming even if they don't want to. It is expected that a lot of skills will be transferred from the mixed community after the government introduced the rule of giving free land to those who migrated from places like Zarkata and Sumatra. Organizations like 'Planet Indonesia', which works for biodiversity conservation, have developed a plan to buy guns for hunting while developing their farming skills. Hundreds of households have already handed over their guns to the government with money. But where is it so easy to change people's thinking and habits?

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Even in Nepal, there are deep-deep grooves between the mountains that look like the Wallace Line of Lombok Strait. Some species that could not penetrate these mountain peaks and deep gorges may have developed their own forms adapted to the local environment. For example, Kaligandaki Khonch is distinguished as a species found in the eastern and western Himalayas of Nepal. Separated by Annapurna to the east and Dhawalagiri to the west, many plants have not been able to expand in the same way across this gorge.  

The forest around the gorge looks different. To Manang 

The growing area of ​​the tree is higher than that of the Mustang. Green forests are found in the eastern areas while there are some forests in the west.

Just as new languages ​​and customs are formed through the process of speaking in a community without mixing with people from other areas for a long time, so the specific form and habits of species change. More than 700 languages ​​are spoken in Indonesia. The development of so many languages ​​was possible because there was very little movement and communication from one island to another. More than 100 languages ​​have been developed in Nepal, a relatively small country. Many species and subspecies of animals must have developed over millions of years as Kuna Kandara of Nepal developed hundreds of languages. The development of languages ​​and species is not comparable, but it is certainly an image for easy understanding.

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As I got free time in the forest of Umbo Island in Borneo, I kept thinking about it for a long time. It seemed once again - sometimes the world is beautiful in ignorance, where only one answer is final. However, the luxury hidden from reality is false. When an answer to a fact is found, it is the way of the world to add innumerable new questions to it, and that is the only formula for the world to be progressive. Or even smiling at the fact of that complexity as a beautiful poetic image.

Let's go back to the Wallace line. For centuries, the animals and plants around that imaginary line could not interact with each other and they formed their form and identity according to the original environment. That is the essence of 'natural selection' developed by Darbin and Wallace. 

During this one-and-a-half century, the origin of man was changed to the fact that he was being refined as an organism, not from the creation of God. How did a settlement like Umbo in Kalimantan, which has presented the world with strong evidence of human development and the origin of species, fail in its own social and economic development?

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The island of Bali, far beyond the Hindkush Himalayas, can probably be considered the southernmost point where Hinduism spread. However, religion has changed as far as it has gone. Sangur meat is not forbidden among the Hindus there in socio-religious terms. The Balinese pork satay, which is made of pork marinated in spices and fried in a hot pan, is very popular among the tourists who visit there. Hindus make up about two percent of Muslim-majority Indonesia. Most of the people in Bali are Hindus. Although there is a residential style reminiscent of Saghura Galli in Patan and Bhaktapur, the shape of the temples is not like the Hindu religious places of South Asia. How did a rare religious gathering take place in that lonely place beyond Kosau?

Although it takes thousands and millions of years to see a big change in nature, the nature of people and the cultural changes seen with migration can be seen very quickly. In a world that is becoming increasingly mixed, people are now migrating at unprecedented levels. What changes have been seen in the culture and traditions with the coming years, decades and centuries?

The future of different species can no longer be limited by natural limits. Can the Wallace Line keep the two worlds still practically separate? At least not now. The 'water buffalo', which was imported from East Asia by cutting the Wallace line for meat in Australia, has now taken the form of a michaha creature there. Currently, the highest number of this animal in the world is in northern Australia.

Today, when you arrive in Australia or New Zealand or any other country sensitive to the protection of your biological identity, your luggage is checked down to the soil beneath your shoes. It may be scared when many people have been taken from Nepal to vegetables, vegetables, and punishing them fined. They are providing awareness and zero tolerance that it would be taken by thousands of Kosa plantat and to take a sign.

can make a pity of plants and animals to another place and prepare themselves. The disaster of the species of the species in the world's various corners in Nepal is very great. Different forests, watermates, waterborne, arranged weeds, weeds, other plants and wildlife and in need of water. The evidence has been seen even in crops and divorce. The studies found in the extremisted fish and turtles in turtles in a retarement have been made public. It is certain that it is certain to crisis in a crisis that has not controlled it on time. It can face all over the world of the new tabernacle.

... when itaring my legs in the beach of the crop, my leg was not like the sea flow of the sea. They were very black. That sandy particles may have reached a long period of time from mid-Asia.

is not always like this as the earth. Crops and Lambok is not always at a distance of 35 kilometers. Lombocked thousands of years ago Lombocked Lombocked with Australia and the crop Asia was connected to Asia. There are many big plates under the surface of the earth. When they keep on falling at their own pace, the earth falls as a form of falling into it. The Indian plate and the friction plate of the Tibetan plate became our mountain. The density plate of each other is more than the Indian plate, which is exacerbated the Indian plate and become a small ispal of the weakers of the southern hemisphere through the southern hemisphere. Many are the main causes of Indonesia and the main reason for many islands for many islands. & Nbsp;

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World is not only running. There is the same people in the world in the world in superstition and traditional method. In an estimated account of 2023, Key Market Insics, who has more than 170 billion in the international market traditional medicine, was expelled. He said that Bursai was increasingly increasing in order. & Nbsp; Only in

traditional Tibetic medicine alone and hundreds of plants have been used for hundreds of wild and pets. The maximum strict strict strict strict strict strides, they are reaching the place of China and his cultural influence. Another prettier who enjoys various superstitions in the meeting room or the other organ of the wild animal or other organ, even in the world, it is spreading in the world. & NBSP;

ranked Hong Kong, I saw open sales of wildlife organs, even from Nepal. The market of this terrible picture is far more than we see. The middle of the western Kalinatan's main city has operated by the birds and rehabilitation center after the birds collected by birds of reaching various lands. Thousands of birds, thousands of birds say that the local demand of the tribunal demands are not only victims of wildlife.

traditional octom is not even denyed by the World Health Organization as well. However, the work of getting angry with people in a long way is not easy. So now the competition is started with a controlling managing purpose for trading wildlife. No one has the answer that such a system that leaving a natural way. The

has not been much time for modern man than Homo Sepibans species compared to the earth's age. Scientific searches have found only 3 million years ago. In this short time, no species of people have expanded by a species. The earth has become smallest short space for humans. Because, people have developed knowledge and skills that people can control a number of other other species. At times, in the way, the same beast and plants die, even people are born. In view, the key species of the world are human.

has invited the epidemic with many people in the history. The existence of many species has been deleted. The beautiful place like heaven has become ugly. Have been forced people to question themselves. The crop of human control in the world is that mankind asks many questions to many questions. And, again it quickly forgets all the truth. It doesn't seem like he has accepted the earth. However, the answer to every question does not mean that you are not found or you want to be or your friend. & Nbsp; In the words of