After the mid-term elections in 2002, the country had had 4 prime ministers in the span of 3 years and 4 months. During this period, the largest party, UML, and the third largest party, Rastriya Prajatantra Party, were divided in the House of Representatives due to various games to reach power. 2 MPs from the Nepali Congress were absent and the government led by their own party was toppled. As the tendency of MPs to change factions within the party increased every week, the attention of each prime minister was spent on preserving his post. During this period, the leader of the Nepali Congress parliamentary party, Sher Bahadur Deuba, was the prime minister for the longest time, for 18 months. Manmohan Adhikari of the Nepali Congress was the prime minister for 9 months and Lokendra Bahadur Chand was the prime minister for 7 months. Surya Bahadur resigned for the shortest time, for 6 months and 10 days. Surya Bahadur became the prime minister after removing his own party chairman Lokendra Bahadur Chand. Surya Bahadur, who became the prime minister with the support of the Nepali Congress, had to leave power within 6 months. Meanwhile, the party he led, the National Democracy Party, had split.

The leader of the parliamentary party, Lakendra Bahadur, had formed a separate party with 9 MPs. On 3 Magh 2054, the Chand group was recognized as a separate parliamentary party in the parliament. Prime Minister Surya Bahadur resigned on 28 Chaitra 2054 after the Congress insisted on leaving the Prime Minister as agreed. He became the Prime Minister on 20 Asoj 2054. Surya Bahadur had the opportunity to serve as the Prime Minister for the fourth time, including the Panchayat period. The opposition had brought a no-confidence motion within 3 months of becoming the Prime Minister. But the no-confidence motion failed at that time. Surya Bahadur resigned with the consent of the Congress, with some time left to run the government.

After resigning, Prime Minister Surya Bahadur had commented that the country was in crisis. He said that the country was in turmoil due to various developments and that the responsibility of forming the government now fell on the shoulders of the Congress. Surya Bahadur had said that the party had split in this century, saying that the equation of the Congress, RPP and Sadbhavana Party had broken down. He had said that the government was also in trouble due to internal reasons in the Congress.

In the meantime, Surya Bahadur recommended mid-term elections, but the Supreme Court did not accept it. The king had sought the opinion of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court had recommended not to hold a mid-term election as long as there was a possibility of forming an alternative government in the parliament. The parties including the main opposition UML had registered a no-confidence motion against Surya Bahadur in a special session. But the motion was not passed. However, due to the party split and internal problems in the Congress, Surya Bahadur resigned easily.

Surya Bahadur had informed that there was an agreement for the Congress to leave power before the vote on the no-confidence motion. He had mentioned some incidents he had experienced in the Panchayat and said that Surya Bahadur was not a leader who could be influenced. He said that during the Panchayat period, he had said that he would face it within the House, but now my stand was that we should go according to the agreement. Surya Bahadur had said that an elephant cannot be stopped by the sound of barking from behind, but when it reaches its destination, it stops, he said.

The king had accepted Surya Bahadur's resignation and called for a new government. Congress President Girija Prasad Koirala had taken the initiative to form a new government. He had held talks with the UML and the ML on an equal footing. A team had also been formed to negotiate with the RPP. Koirala had announced that he would form a government by consensus in 3 and a half years, as four prime ministers had become prime ministers and political instability persisted. He had maintained that even if he formed the government by consensus, it would not be an all-party government.

Since the ML and the UML were two factions, discussions were started with both parties to decide which party to include in the government. Out of the 19 MPs who participated in the RPP vote, 11 were with Surya Bahadur and 8 were in the Chand group. Since the RPP and the UML were not in their old positions, it was up to the Congress to form the government. The news prepared by journalist Hari Bahadur Thapa, including the resignation of Surya Bahadur within 6 months of becoming the Prime Minister and the reference to four Prime Ministers in the 3 and a half years of parliamentary history, was published by Kantipur on Chaitra 30, 2054 under the title ‘Congress moves to form a new government: Team formed to negotiate with both RPPs, UML and ML given equal priority’.