The change of state power is a continuous process. If autocracy prevails, the people overthrow it through rebellion, revolution, or movement. The imperialist or autocratic powers of the world have fallen due to the strength of the people's struggle. The Russian Socialist Revolution, the Chinese Democratic and Cuban Revolutions, the Arab Spring, the Indian Independence War, and the anti-autocratic revolution in Nepal are revolutions that were carried out by the strength of the people, which ended imperialist and autocratic states.

The people trusted those parties and made them the masters of power, but when anti-people activities began, the people rejected those parties. When the Christian Democratic Party of Italy, which was in power from 1945 to 1994, sank into the interests of power, middlemen, and businessmen, not only the party failed, but the political system itself changed.

The Indian National Congress, which ruled neighboring India from 1947 to 1989, was punished by the people for a long time due to arrogance, corruption, and family politics. In Nepal too, the people ended the autocratic monarchy through armed revolution and movement and established a federal democratic republic. The parties leading those revolutions and movements could not address the people's expectations for economic, socio-cultural transformation, justice, and equality. Rather than solving the crises, sorrows, and hardships of the people's daily lives, the politics of power interests came to dominate. Uncontrolled arrogance, pride, and arrogance came to dominate the political leadership. Corruption, middlemen, brokerage, nepotism, favoritism, factionalism, and alliances became weapons to deceive the people. The people responded to the betrayal of the people's trust and expectations by the party and leadership through elections. There is no reason to hesitate to say that the basis of the victory of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in the House of Representatives was the product of the dishonesty of other political parties. The Balen-led government formed after the election has made efforts to implement administrative reforms to address the expectations of the people. Some reform efforts are positive, however, in a country where the structural system itself is a problem, only partial efforts at reform cannot bring about the expected transformation.

Promise of good governance: What kind of good governance?
Immediately after the formation of the Balen-led government, the Council of Ministers meeting passed a 100-point action plan on governance reform. Similarly, a ‘national commitment’ has been issued for governance reform. This shows that the government is trying to take the lead in governance reform. Efforts have been made to streamline the governance structure, form a committee to investigate past corruption, discourage middlemen in the public service sector, and move towards digital governance, which is positive. If the issues mentioned in the government’s action plan are translated into practice, there can be some improvement. However, it is not possible to solve institutional and structural misgovernance through general reforms alone. For this, a radical transformation must be made in the governance structure, policy and practice. Good governance is related to the transformation of structure, system, policy and practice, therefore, the solution of structural problems is not possible only through partial reforms. In Nepal, it is difficult to establish good governance without identifying the structural and practical problems of governance problems and a comprehensive action plan to solve them. However, the government's efforts are focused only on partial reforms. Nepal needs a radical transformation of the governance system to end corruption, injustice and irregularities.

The autocratic Rana regime, monarchy and Panchayat rulers are the systems of governance that have given the most encouragement to corruption, nepotism and favoritism. Since the kings and maharajas were above the constitution, no one could question the loot they had done to the people. Not only the royal family killed the people for the taxes they paid, but also hundreds of their relatives, cronies, cronies and servants. The same rulers practiced extreme familyism, nepotism, and servantism. The king's servants and relatives occupied the state's land, seized power, and occupied positions and prestige. Even after the political transformation, Nepal's administration has not been freed from the occupation of the same ruling class and community. Therefore, it is necessary to break its structural foundation and develop a new governance system in a new environment.

Nepal's governance system has been revolving around brokers, middlemen, contractors, and vested interests for a long time. Vested interests change policies for profit, administrators are busy making policies to share in the profits. The psychology of how to make the people uncomfortable, not facilitating them, can be seen everywhere. This has corrupted the administrative mentality of Nepal. It is very difficult to maintain good governance without transforming or displacing the psychology accustomed to preserving, promoting, and utilizing such culture. Ending such a trend is possible only through structural and psychological transformation, not through reforms.

The government has started efforts to end corruption, which is a positive step. The government has formed a commission to investigate the assets of people in public positions. This is a positive step. However, the web of corruption is not limited to political leadership and high-ranking employees. The web of corruption extends to all state mechanisms - from civil servants, police administration, judiciary, security agencies to consumer committees and temple management committees. Therefore, a special campaign against institutional and structural corruption should be launched to end such corruption. The government should have the ability to investigate assets and nationalize illegal assets collected through wrongful means and take action against all corrupt people, big and small. Such work is not possible only through reforms that are sought in parts.

Nepal's governance system has been revolving around brokers, middlemen, contractors and vested interests for a long time. Interest groups change policies for profit, administrators are busy making policies to become sharers of profits. Another main reason for misgovernance, corruption and unrest is the non-inclusive governance system. As long as the same caste, class, gender and community dominates in all bodies from policy formulation to economic mobilization, regulation to action, the web of corruption and irregularities will not be broken. It is necessary to make the governance structure completely inclusive to break the selfish network of classes and communities that maintain a monopoly in the governance structure. The basic criterion of good governance in a country like Nepal is inclusive governance. Therefore, good governance is impossible in Nepal without inclusive governance.

Misgovernance and irregularities in Nepal are basically structural and system problems. A partial solution to this problem may be possible through reforms. However, it cannot be fully addressed without structural transformation. Therefore, efforts to reform only at the federal level to institutionalize a responsible and accountable governance system are incomplete. For this, it is necessary to strengthen and empower the federal governance system. Similarly, local governments should be made responsible and accountable, and in the case of oppressed communities, the practice of autonomous zones, protected zones and special zones should be initiated in accordance with the constitutional provisions. Since the most oppressed communities are affected by the vicious cycle of misgovernance, an inclusive governance system as well as the economic and social development and access to justice of the oppressed communities should be made the basis of good governance. Since there is a political agenda linked to the restructuring and transformation of the good governance structure, it needs to be resolved in accordance with political ideas, perspectives and plans. However, the government is eager to find partial solutions, it cannot solve the overall problem. The poor and marginalized are not in economic development. The government seems to have brought an ambitious action plan in the field of economic development of the country. In particular, the issue of increasing per capita income, increasing gross domestic product, creating employment and making the country rich seems to be the government's priority. The government's vision is to attract domestic and foreign investment and promote economic activities. Naturally, economic development will lead to the development of the country, but there is no guarantee that the living standards of the people will rise as soon as the country develops. In the economically rich countries of the world, the gap between the rich and the poor is very wide. An economic system in which a certain person or group controls the country's economy prevents just human development. The living standards of the working class, laborers, farmers, and the poor can never rise. The poor, working class, and oppressed communities, who have been forced to live in crisis under the feudal economic system for a long time, are certain to be pushed further into crisis by the neoliberal capitalist economy.

Looking at the essence of governance reform and national commitment, the government seems to be standing in favor of making the neoliberal capitalist economic system strong and systematic by focusing on the interests of capitalists and domestic investors. In order to review the impact of the global neoliberal capitalist economy that strengthens capitalist exploitation and oppression and the serious inequality it has created, it is necessary to adopt an economy with Nepali characteristics. For this, reform programs alone cannot be complete. Nepal needs to build an alternative economic system necessary for the equitable development of a society with a diverse community like Nepal.

Looking at the essence of governance reform and national commitment, the government seems to be standing in favor of making the neoliberal capitalist economic system strong and systematic by focusing on the interests of capitalists and domestic investors.

The realization that a socialist economic and political system is necessary for the transformation of the economic lives of historically oppressed classes, genders and communities in Nepal around the world occurred during the drafting of the constitution. Building an independent self-reliant economy, not dependent on foreign loans, is the need of Nepal. Economic prosperity is impossible without building an economy that transforms the economic lives of the extremely poor, poor, working people, farmers, laborers and marginalized communities. As the government has said, a system that increases per capita income but does not transform into a life of poverty will definitely only address the interests of the rich and the capitalists.

The government does not have a plan to develop an alternative and socialist economic system and strengthen fiscal federalism that should be adopted for Nepal's economic development. The governance reform agenda clearly promotes the interests of the centralized, rich and capitalists. Such an economic system is more likely to further distress the poor, working class and marginalized classes and communities trapped in an economic vicious circle due to the state.

A broad public debate After the political revolution and struggle, the state system changed, but the political parties could not work in the field of overall economic, socio-cultural transformation. Therefore, the situation of the people did not change with the change in the system. As a result, the people punished the political parties that came from struggle and revolution in the past. The national responsibility to address the frustration, anger and passions prevailing among the people lies primarily with the government led by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Balendra Shah.