After the middlemen of Oli's secretariat failed to get Meta's official agency, Oli and his Minister of Communications were forced to shut down all social sites.
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A fundamental challenge in contemporary political life is how to induce certain types of people to vote in certain ways. In this regard, good leaders inspire people with bright emotions—hope, aspiration, an inspiring vision of a beautiful life. But now, and perhaps forever, there is a global dimension to be seen, with leaders across the political spectrum taking a much too easy route to stoking dark resentments.
Psychologists call this negativity bias. In this undertaking, the Occupy movement, which began in 2011 in New York, the hub of global capitalism, attracted political interest in a radically decentralized 'leaderless' social movement along with the global wave.
The 2011 protests have even been called a completely new type of political campaign for the digital age. It has been termed as a means of 'giving voice' to the underrepresented, or from a 'hybrid movement' to a 'full service-centric movement'. Many scholars continue the enterprise of synthesizing Occupy movements around the world as a 'flash movement' whose revolutionary potential is still incomplete.
In the years since 2011, there has been an ongoing debate about the political or historical significance of the Occupy movements. A leaderless movement naturally lacks the structural qualities to operate effectively in an organized manner. The fact that Occupy-style movements gained prominence due to perceived leadershiplessness and participatory democratic decision-making is becoming a reality that cannot be ignored. Despite repeated calls for a
, the Gen-G explosion has unfolded in Nepal as new areas increasingly reveal the problematic dimensions of leadership within social movements. There was no one leader in this movement, everyone was a leader. Evolving from a common 'troll' group used in Internet forums in the early 2000s, it emerged as an organized 'hacktivist' (hacking and activism) group after 2008.
This group follows the imperatives of popular human needs such as knowledge for knowledge's sake, freedom of expression and open flow of information. 'Hacktivism' is defined as the non-violent use of 'illegal or legally ambiguous digital tools' for political purposes, such as website defacement, information theft, website parody, denial-of-service attacks, virtual sit-ins and virtual vandalism (Bar Youssef N, Cybercrime, 2010).
Platforms like X, Telegram, Discord, TikTok and Reddit are now being used primarily as tools for global and geopolitical interests. As such platforms increase the risk of moderation and government surveillance, individual freedoms are also unimaginably at risk. As the latest incident in Nepal is about to give practical form to this fear, in the words of President Ramchandra Paudel, 'many tricks' have been avoided.
The way social media acts as a nervous system for the Gen-G movement, platforms such as Discord, X and Reddit in particular fuel their campaigns through hashtags (e.g. UpUkraine, Free-Plostein and Against Corruption in Nepal). Anonymous users have attracted volunteers from posting manifesto-agendas to stealing (doxxing) the data of targeted individuals.
platforms have succeeded in turning protests into 'viral manifestos' (manifestos for protest) through short, impactful videos or threads with loud appeals for evidence of corruption, mobilizing young people to take to the streets. It has become commonplace to fuel such campaigns by making cross-posting viral on social media.
This style was adopted in the so-called anti-corruption campaign in Nepal. Since 2024, global 'hacktivists' seem to have succeeded in mixing online coordination with offline explosions, engaging Gen-G for protests through the use of TikTok's algorithmic 'flash mob'. In Kathmandu, the students made a reel with the hashtag Corruption Free Nepal or Gen-G Revolution, saying 'End Corruption'.
They spread government corruption memes, animations and angry scenes of live street demonstrations in a more engaging way. It was only natural that a reel about 'Nepokids', with 18.5 million views in 24 hours, inspired thousands to take to the streets, as its never-summons spark of symbolic fire.
When a Gen-G activist posted 10 proofs of government corruption on the 'hashtag Ollydown' thread, it garnered over 50,000 retweets, and its ripple effect can be estimated. Threads continued cross-platform promotion by sharing links and directing them to TikTok videos. As platforms make protests 'viral', their algorithms prioritize emotionally charged content, which generated more than 1 million views daily (The Hindu, 13 September).
Social networks have made it easier for 'burner' profiles to share encrypted links. Unknown agitators simply shout out 'We are Legion'. Since no single face represents the group in such campaigns, the risk of arrest is also reduced.
This further inflames the fearlessness of the Gen-G generation. Recent X posts have been recommending secure messaging tools like 'OffTikTok' (for anonymous access to TikTok) or Signal. Demonstrators were calling for the rise of DDoS—via the LOIC fork—by updating live-tweeting or Discord streams as they attacked government buildings, private residences, and more.
In June 2025, hacktivist activity increased by 46 percent amid Israel-Iran tensions. Pro-Palestinian groups such as Anonymous-Sudan used X for manifestos and Discord for coordinating DDoS on Israeli sites. 'Zombie botnets' (hacked devices) were recruited through social media appeals.
In 2024, Iran-linked hacktivists took to crossposting on X to express global outrage after US defense data was leaked on Telegram. Hashtags like HackForGaza seem to have attracted over 500,000 engagements and volunteers. In the US, groups such as SigdSec (LGBTQPlus Anonymous) disbanded the Trumpnikot Heritage Foundation in 2024. The data they stole was leaked through X and TikTok videos.
Globally in 2024, some groups such as Noname-057 (16) targeted NATO allies, while the 'Ain Cannon' used LOIC through social media for DDoS invitations. In Nepal's 2025 Gen-G movement, anti-corruption activists coordinated offline through a mesh network using Jack Darcy's BlueSky (decentralized, anonymous-friendly). Anti-authoritarian campaigns such as the
hashtag 'UpdateTerrors' (affiliated with Pedophile-Hunting, Anonymous) were promoted by X on dark web forums. Platforms for coordinating movements Telegram/Discord channels, X spaces for operational planning Anonymous group chats for agenda drafting with AI is confirmed by the style used in their own Discord channel.
'retention hacks' (techniques to 'game' the algorithms of platforms like TikTok) increase the retention time of videos and reach more viewers. Tiktok's Algorithm shows that within 3 seconds of a video, an attractive start (hook) and a retention rate of more than 70 percent will reach the 'For You' page and attract millions of viewers.
also features hooks and teasers. Putting a question or a catchy fact at the beginning of the video, like 'Did you know Oli got 100 million commission?' When used in a TikTok video, it got 90% higher retention rate and was shared 200,000 times. Anonymous' growing fascination with the 'weapon of geeks' is becoming a form of politics used by a privileged and visible class of actors. Such styles often stand at the center of economic life. Anonymous tends to seek publicity before and after every successful action.
trending sound and duet are also used a lot. Overplay corruption memes in the style of popular Nepali songs – Resham Firiri etc. and put their message in another's video using the duet feature. By doing this, a cyber group in Kathmandu generated more than 500 duets on the hashtag 'Ban-Hatao' trend through a chain reaction, making the algorithm 'trending'.
Looping and Endless Ending (saying 'watch next part' at the end of the video) makes the viewer watch again and again. The youth of Nepal's Mukundo revolution used this hack to raise their anti-ban manifestos on social networks to one million views in 48 hours.
Anonymous often captures and expands on existing events or waves of causes. Sometimes this wave is so dramatic that it changes the nature or direction of events, but the campaign eventually ends. In Nepal, the work of pouring oil into the Gen-G pipeline was done by none other than the KP Sharma Oli government.
To what extent was the extent of inferiority, after the middleman of Oli's secretariat failed to get the official agency of META, Oli and his Minister of Communication were put forward to shut down all the social sites. Even the chiefs of the bureaucracy, Majhaula and Oli's confidant middlemen, who were disgusted by Oli's rudeness and insults, stopped talking about what is happening in the bureaucracy, the security system and the society. Oli and those around him were shrinking as the followers of the bare king who established Ram Rajya everywhere. Because of that, the country also has to pay the price .
