Anti-corruption and pro-governance movement under the leadership of Gen-G can be expected to initiate a new course in Nepali politics. The situation till date indicates that. Analyzing on the other hand, not only the essence of the movement, but the events of 24th of August, in terms of the context and management of the movement, some concerns are also gradually appearing on the surface. However, with the passage of time, they will become more evident.

Expectations of the common people have increased rapidly towards the new course set by the storm of agitation, especially for addressing corruption and guaranteeing good governance. Those who have been in power for three and a half decades are still reluctant to accept the movement, mainly the leadership known as the first tier of UML.

Gradually this acceptance will surface, is not only a matter of time, but also the demand of the age. It will be necessary to wait for the elections in February for the proper landing of the movement. As of Monday, seven more ministers have been appointed in the new government formed under the leadership of former Chief Justice Sushila Karki. He has also started work. Which is a positive sign.

In the initial stage, there are not so many questions about the support of the general public towards the government, but now is not the time to talk about the needed support of the party and personnel administration. Because state agencies have become so partisan that the situation till last week was that going to a service provider agency was like going to the office of a certain party.

As there is ongoing consultation with other relevant stakeholders, there is no choice but to be positive that the Karki cabinet will be completed and the work of the government will speed up according to the spirit of the movement, the limits of the constitution and the needs of the time. However, the challenges caused by dozens of victims and unaccounted physical damage are not less.

That is why the co-operation and cooperation of the present system, our political parties, staff administration and the general public with the Karki government is unconditional and mandatory. If the youth wing of the parties is to preserve the credibility of their party at this challenging time when the public's trust in the change-carrying parties is waning due to the ineptitude of their own decrepit leadership, they must do so. The younger generation of the parties must not understand that the anger of the last generation is not against the party but against the corrupt character of the party's outdated leadership.

That is why the parties that have led the changes so far have no choice but to transform themselves according to the times and lead the process of transformation of the entire Nepalese society in accordance with the era. But not the decrepit leadership of the party, but young leaders who have ideological clarity within the party and who are not indulged in deification should give leadership.

In this environment, even the government, without sharing big dreams, the main demand of the movement is to address corruption and ensure good governance, which is challenging but not impossible if you have the willpower. These are the demands, for which a qualitative leap has to be taken and a procedural step has to be taken. In the present context, the qualitative  leap means the cooperation of politics and bureaucracy and the uprooting of the corruption that has become a culture in every body of the state under the protection of the original leadership of the parties.

What we need to understand is that the roots of corruption will not be completely uprooted in the next six months, but a meaningful process can be started, which process should be continued by the elected government after the election.

In this sense, the most important work of this government is to hand over power to the people's representatives by holding elections and to open the way to make it relevant to the era and society by amending the constitution. Prime Minister Karki himself has been repeatedly expressing this topic. When

is understood in this way, this movement has also provided an opportunity to radically transform the state system in the right sense. Such a transformation, which can address the discrimination based on class, gender, caste system, geographical and other socio-cultural identities.

Labor migration is a youth issue

Corruption, policy and political instability, and unemployment are interrelated issues that plague society. If this is the case, then what we need to understand is that as much as it is established that the movement that took place in the last week of August was led by the young generation, it is an established fact that the age of the youth forced to leave the country for foreign employment is equally established.

The research conducted by the government and other sectors has confirmed that the age group of most of the young people who go for foreign employment from Nepal is 19/20-35 years old. This is the age of all gender-identified youth. As it is said that the government of Karki will move forward by focusing on the desires, feelings and spirit of the Gen-G movement of the young generation, it cannot ignore the feelings of millions of young people who are forced to go for foreign employment, seeing zero employment opportunities in the country.

Labor migration management: the dark tunnel of corruption

Although the main task is addressing corruption, guaranteeing good governance and elections, the government still has to run the state on a daily basis. Addressing the corruption institutionalized in the process of facilitating the labor migration journey to the destination country of the youth who are forced to go for foreign employment through the labor migration process should also be a major issue.

This facilitation is done by the state through licensed foreign employment professionals in accordance with the provision of promoting the private sector under the facilities set by the country's open economy. Foreign employment professionals are such professionals in the private sector, which are known by nicknames such as independent, private, businessman, entrepreneur, etc., but with a few exceptions that can be counted on the fingers, they are less business people and more people's organizations of political parties.

In that sense, they are found more like political bodies than businessmen and entrepreneurs who facilitate employment, manage labor migration. The profit they earn is collected by exploiting migrant workers rather than the country's labor policy, immigration method, process, and foreign employment policy. In this sense, even though the objective is to manage labor migration, this sector is a deep tunnel of corruption - step by step in the name of facilitating labor migration or foreign employment, in terms of multilateral fraud, human smuggling and human trafficking. 

In the present government, which aims to tackle corruption, the responsibility of the Ministry of Labor is given to those who have the responsibility to properly monitor the foreign employment professionals, if there is no initiative to bring the professionals and their agents involved in fraud, smuggling and trafficking to the legal sphere, there will be no control of corruption in the country.

because corruption in foreign employment is more complex and entrenched than in other sectors. It is entwined with meter-bagging, cooperatives, hundi, immigration, education and health, training institutions, judiciary, insurance, transport, aviation, foreign affairs/diplomacy, gender violence, class discrimination, domestic labor market political syndicates and national, regional and international criminal activities, among others.

It is also important to understand this in a way that even if it looks like the problem of labor immigration flourished under the umbrella of foreign employment traders, foreign employment traders who are the popular organization of political parties have not only political but also financial transaction relations with the parties. This is confirmed by the harassment of the workers who run to many agencies involved in the process of managing labor migration, including the Foreign Employment Department. It is not a matter of debate that scandals have flourished under the patronage of the

party itself. This is a distorted culture established for the past three decades. And with this distorted culture, all aspects of the state are directly and indirectly connected because labor migration is not only connected with the livelihood of the family, but also with the development and growth of the society as a whole, the health of the worker and his family, education, gender discrimination, skills, efficiency, social justice and also with the country's economy and diplomacy.

or it is an arena of corruption enveloping all aspects of the state apparatus, which has reliable political patronage for economic and political interests. And without addressing this dimension of corruption, how can good governance be guaranteed?

Our current Ministry of Labor is neither able to understand the changing nature of the domestic and global labor market, nor to assess the challenges and opportunities. Because the structural framework of the Ministry of Labor has not been changed according to the spirit of federalism, and politically, we do not have an integrated immigration policy blueprint to manage all kinds of immigration, including human trafficking, trafficking, and labor, and to protect workers by addressing the situation of immigration in which all state agencies have been jailed. Over the past several years, the Ministry of Labor has been mired in a web of visionless leadership. As a result, neither a labor contract could be concluded with the new destination, nor could the periodic contract be renewed.

vs. With the beginning of the 2070s, there were some positive efforts in favor of bilateral agreements and the rights of workers, but all of them gradually reversed and the last time the labor minister of the KP Oli government left the entire labor immigration process in limbo.

The latest example of policy provisions being undermined by the unilateral decision of the minister and his advisers, who change according to the season, is the Karki government's cancellation last week of the decision of the Karki government to send workers through foreign employment agencies to Korea, which has relatively safe and dignified labor migration under the agreement between the two governments. Even easier to understand is the selfishness hidden behind the reference to sending 5,000 female domestic workers to Saudi Arabia through a pilot project shortly before their departure.

There have been many such instances over the years, which could have been facilitated through a formal bilateral labor agreement. But why do the political and administrative leadership throw the workers to foreign employment in a risky way under many pretexts rather than the formal labor contract and trade for political and economic profit? What is this if not a business of corruption? 

and the ministry is always surrounded by a syndicate of the minister's associates, runs under the influence of the foreign employment network carrying party interests. Research has confirmed that this siege and effect is carried out in coordination with the brokers of businessmen from the villages of the workers who decided to migrate to the destination country and it is the daily experience of the victimized workers. And the aforementioned state agencies deal with workers' experiences throughout the process of labor migration – training, health examinations, work permits, passports, air tickets, insurance, visas, immigration, and all the way to our embassies at destination.

is not only that, when there is some problem, the agencies that ask for help like Foreign Employment Tribunal, Department, Foreign Employment Board etc. also join in this wave. So much so that if a migrant worker dies in the country of destination for any reason, it is clear from the family of the worker that they have to suffer even when the body is returned.

Due to the limited responsibilities and time of the current government, the basic structures of the state that are directly connected to the labor immigration process - the ministries of labor, women, foreign affairs and home affairs - have not been able to prepare an integrated policy blueprint, but at least the restructuring of the ministry of labor can be the first priority. If a labor-friendly government can be formed then that can be expected.

According to the Karki government's finance minister, it is very relevant to cut down unnecessary staff, including the self-interested groups named as advisors, expert groups, which include family members of party leaders, who hijack the daily work of the ministry. Such groups are as large in labor as in other ministries.

On the one hand, these selfish groups are behind the agency under various pretexts, on the other hand, the network of foreign employment professionals has influenced the ministry, and some employees also have a role to share with the selfish groups. From the setting of all these, many problems including human smuggling and trafficking in labor migration will flourish. Isn't this political and institutional corruption?