Nepal is always at high risk from the point of view of multi-disasters due to complex topography, weak geological conditions, weather heterogeneity, environmental pollution and climate change. Every year, natural and unnatural disasters such as heavy rains, floods, lightning, hot winds, cold waves, fires, road accidents, environmental pollution and epidemics cause great loss of wealth.

As far as Nepal is concerned, the monsoon, which is in the form of an air system in South Asia and Southeast Asia, originates in the Indian Ocean and usually enters through the Bay of Bengal towards the end of May. As about 80 percent of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon period, a series of water-borne disasters such as floods, landslides, inundation, and land erosion begin with the arrival of the monsoon. 

This year's Monsoon Preparedness and Response National Action Plan prepared under the leadership of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority has been approved by the 32nd meeting of the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Executive Committee held on May 14 and is in the implementation phase.

Since the process of formulating an action plan started on March 19 of last year, this year's action plan has been tried to collect opinions and suggestions through comprehensive discussions, interactions, seminars, and workshops with the responsible agencies of thematic areas (clusters), supporting agencies, security agencies, provincial government, private sector, communication sector, and various other related agencies and stakeholders. 

The main objectives of the action plan are to forecast the potential risk of monsoon-related disasters by analyzing the data of past disaster events and effects, determine the work responsibilities of ministries, departments, security agencies and stakeholders related to disaster management for monsoon preparedness and response and coordinate and integrated activities in monsoon preparedness and response to make monsoon response effective.

Analyzing the situation of monsoon disaster risk in the last ten years, 2 thousand 317 people died in 8 thousand 418 monsoon disaster incidents, 419 people went missing and 2 thousand 649 people were injured.

During last year's monsoon period, 495 people died, 66 people went missing and 522 people were injured in 2 thousand 138 monsoon disasters. Rain measurement has also started in Nepal from June last year. For the first time in 77 years, 624 mm of rain was measured in 24 hours in Dodhara in the far west, which was almost half of the average annual rainfall there. Similarly, from October 10th to 13th, up to 400 millimeters of rain fell in 24 hours around Kathmandu Valley. 

It is important to learn many things from the shortcomings of the past monsoon disaster preparedness and response. There should be effective coordination and cooperation between the relevant responsible agencies, it is necessary to arrange an effective communication system to ensure that the warnings and warnings issued by the relevant responsible agencies reach the risk groups, areas and communities on time and are implemented accordingly. According to the

action plan, it is necessary to regularly monitor and evaluate whether the responsible agencies and supporting agencies have fulfilled their respective roles. Likewise, it has been seen that there should be adequate management of the capacity and resources needed to operate effectively in the emergency operation center, security agencies and related responsible agencies for search, rescue and relief management. It is also necessary to make the incident command system effective and organize the coordination and cooperation between the agencies operating during the search and rescue. 

The Department of Water and Meteorology has stated that there is a possibility of more than normal rainfall in most parts of the country during this year's monsoon. During this period, there is a 55 to 65 percent chance of more rain than Sardar in the eastern part of Karnali province, northern part of Lumbini province and most of the Gandaki province, 45 to 55 percent chance in the southern part of Far West, western part of Lumbini province, Gandaki, Bagmati and northern part of Koshi province and 35 to 45 percent chance in the eastern and southern part of Madhesh.

In other parts of the country, there is a forecast of 35 to 45 percent chance of heavy rainfall during this monsoon period. It is estimated that the daily temperature will be higher than the Sardar during the monsoon period. Overall, it is estimated that 19 lakh 97 thousand 731 population of 4 lakh 57 thousand 145 households will be affected by this year's monsoon disaster.

A strategy has been made to coordinate and collaborate with Nepal government, state government, local level, private sector, national and international donor agencies, non-governmental organizations and other agencies to manage the materials needed for effective relief management during the monsoon disaster. According to the

action plan, all responsible and supportive agencies from the center to the local level, private sector, communication sector, civil society, organizations active in the field of national and international humanitarian aid, political parties and citizens themselves need to fulfill their duties and responsibilities.