Nepal has adopted a federal system on the foundation of the Madhesh movement. However, the Maoist armed struggle that lasted for ten years, as well as the campaigns and movements of the tribal tribes, Dalits, Muslims and other communities against the unitary and centralized governance system, prepared the foundation of the federal system.

Many ethnic regional parties appeared after 2062/063 with the aim of protecting the autonomous province, language, art and culture along with their ethnic regional identity while struggling against discrimination, exclusion, deprivation and injustice by the state. Some of them were also represented in the Constituent Assembly.

Although there is a definition of national party in the law, there is ambiguity about regional parties. However, due to the origin of the party, the issue carried by the party as well as the electoral commitment, the organizational strength of the party and the regional characteristics of the party are reflected in the votes it gets in the election . For example, Janata Samajwadi Party Nepal (JSP Nepal), Democratic Samajwadi Party (LOSPA) and Janmat Party Madhesh, which were established to advocate for the rights of the Madhesi community and have built a strong organizational base in Terai/Madhesh, are regional parties of Madhesh. Likewise, the Civil Immunity Party, which raised Tharu's case, is a regional party in the Far West. The role of such regional parties is important to institutionalize the federal system adopted with the aim of increasing people's representation in the governance process. There are many such examples in the international environment. But it is ironic that there is no concept of regional party in Nepal. 

The demarcation of provinces has not been based on the historical geography, civilization and ethnic population as demanded by tribal communities, so the possibility of regional parties maintaining political dominance in other 6 provinces has become weak. In Madhesh, the possibility of that is high and some such practices have also been done there. As federalism was adopted on the foundation of the Madhesh movement and a Madhesh-centric regional party was established with the energy of the same movement, his role in the implementation of federalism is a matter of general interest. Such interest is also justified as he has continuously led the government of Madhesh province. The provision that provinces can make their own laws, regional structure, budget formulation and implementation is in the constitution itself. Proportional inclusion is an important pillar of federalism. Therefore, the actions taken by the provincial government, which is mainly led by regional parties, will help institutionalize federalism. 

Even after almost a decade has passed since the promulgation of the constitution, the federal government has been delaying making several important laws and is still trying to implement federalism. Mainly because the federal government has not made laws such as the Federal Civil Service Act, the Police Adjustment Act, and the Federal Education Act, the provinces have not been able to properly use their constitutional rights. However, despite the lack of personnel, legal structure, physical infrastructure, etc., local and state governments have achieved various achievements. In Madhesh, under the leadership of the regional party, a province was created with an identity name in accordance with the demand of the Madhesh movement. After that, besides strengthening the regional feeling and identity, Madhesh Province has become a source of motivation for other provinces as well. 

Regional parties in Madhesh, after participating in the government, established various structures such as State Public Service Commission, State People's Lokpal Commission, and Dalit Development Committee as per the election promise. The regional party of Madhesh had the opportunity to operate those new structures in a new way according to the regional needs. However, the legacy of the unitary and centralized system is how those structures were established and the work culture was created in the same way . Therefore, the traditional working style is also found in those structures . Part of the party could not find competent leadership in the appointment of office bearers. As a result, he could not do effective work, and the purpose of establishing those structures has been questioned. Somewhere, the regional parties have raised the suspicion that such structures have not been established only to curb the discontent of the citizens and to recruit workers. .

The province has got resources and rights, but they are not enough . But the provincial government led by the regional party and the ministries taken by the regional party had the opportunity to prioritize the limited resources and use them fairly. If we are to review the provincial practice of about eight years, the regional parties led by the provincial government have failed in the prioritization of available resources . Achievements are not as expected due to distribution-oriented budget allocation in unproductive areas. The spirit of federalism has become weak when the state government keeps the implementation of small budgets to be given to the local level in the ministry. 

Popular programs of far-reaching importance like 'Beti Padhau Beti Bachau' brought by the joint government of Jaspa Nepal and LOSPA were stopped due to financial irregularities. Important plans and programs conducted during the joint government of JSP Nepal and LOSPA were very weak in terms of economic governance. The main reason for that is the self-interested influence of middlemen and businessmen rather than the needs of the citizens of the province in determining the priority of plans and programs. The leadership of the regional party has to stop it and they themselves have become its means. However, the problem is the same in other provinces except those led by regional parties. But since it is a regional party that is the main driver of federalism and good governance, the people had special expectations for this party.  It is the regional party that mainly raised the principle of

inclusion. In Madhesh province, 50 percent reservation has been made for women in the State Police Act and State Civil Service Act. Also, following the principle of proportional inclusion in the Act, reservation system has been implemented in Madhesh province on the basis of ethnic population. These actions can help other provinces to follow  . 

If we take as an example the appointments made in the provincial assembly, its committees, provincial government and various agencies, the picture of social diversity of Madhesh province is not reflected in those appointments . Among them, mainly Madhesi Dalits, Muslims and women representation is much less than their population . Due to this, the regional party's commitment to inclusiveness is under question. No one has obstructed the regional party to make those parts of the state government inclusive . This could not happen due to the weak will power of the Madhesi regional party. The argument that it is the mother of federalism and inclusiveness, but when questioned about the loss of proportional inclusiveness in the provinces, the argument that it is not in the federal government confirms the opinion that the commitment of regional parties towards federalism and inclusiveness is weakening. 

The need for a regional party is for the neglected communities such as tribals, Madhesi, Muslims and others. Regional parties have been making identity the main issue. The purpose of that party is also mentioned in the election promise made to the voters. But the leadership of that party lacks a clear vision of how to implement it. Therefore, local people's representatives are confused about this matter. 

There seems to be a lot of work to be done to make good governance, service delivery and own provincial structure effective as well as to implement proportionate inclusion. If the regional party advocating that federalism is inevitable fails to institutionalize federalism, the anti-federalism commentary will become stronger. On the other hand, some leaders of regional parties seem to be affected by the smallness of being a regional party, but starting politics by raising regional issues. This has further weakened the political issues and influence of regional parties. Taking this to heart, the regional parties committed to the issue of their region and community will not delay in correcting the shortcomings seen in the implementation of federalism.