Due to wild male elephants, the central area of ​​Chitwan National Park especially around Sauraha, local residents, tourism professionals, tourists, park staff and security personnel have been panicking for the past two decades. Wild elephants accept the invitation of breeding female elephants of Chitwan National Park and tourism business in Hattisar near Sauraha, a densely populated and commercial center.

The park has to use pet elephants for patrolling, rescuing wild animals such as tigers to maintain human-wildlife coexistence, studying and researching, counting and translocating wild animals such as rhinos. Businessmen have been conducting their business by letting tourists ride on elephants. 

Fertile female elephants signal to male elephants that they are ready for mating by emitting sounds of 5-20 Hz. A male elephant 3-5 km away by land and air hears this call. Leans towards it for companionship. This is a law of nature and is natural. Elephants can sense events up to about 25 km away. Scientific facts prove that elephants are more intelligent than humans. Humans have the ability to hear only the sound of waves up to 20,000 Hz. 

Gaj elephants don't go looking for dhows, they go to gaj after being called by dhows. Male elephants do not go to Kathar, Parsa, Tandi in East Chitwan and Parvatipur, Shivnagar, Rampur, Nagar Van, Divyanagar in West Chitwan. Therefore, the main reason human-elephant coexistence in Sauraha is a major challenge is the dense population and rearing of reproductive female elephants near the busy 24-hour Sauraha market.

In Sauraha, after the unimaginable death of Makuna wild elephant last January, the field of Sauraha area was empty. Today, wild elephants Govinde and Ronaldo have started going to that place on the invitation of Dhoi. Due to the Govinde elephant, an employee working at Khorsor Elephant Breeding Center and a local died untimely in Sauraha on 23rd of February last October. Since elephants and rhinoceros are herbivorous animals, the main reason they attack humans is self-defense or human response to elephants. Makuna was very gentle, he did nothing to people. Last month, he was shot in the neck by park security personnel and died on the spot. Even in the Parsa National Park, the local community had to watch as the park post was vandalized last November in a settlement near Hattisar. Now Yamagaj is living between death and life due to serious injury due to spear or bullet shot in his front right leg. A total of 62 elephants have been killed in Nepal in the 24 years since 2058, 48 by electrocution, 8 by shooting, and 6 by poachers. In the past ten years, 28 local residents, tourists, security personnel and staff have been killed by elephant attacks in and around Chitwan National Park.

In the forests of Eastern Nepal, Parsa, Chitwan, Banke, Bardia and Shuklaphanta National Parks, the number of elephants is 227, about 150 from India, 110 out of 180 kept at home are government and non-government and the remaining 70 are private elephants. Sauraha, located in the central area of ​​Chitwan National Park, is a commercial and commercial center as it is densely populated and is the third tourist destination of Nepal. In this area, there are 58 female elephants including the elephant breeding center of the park, 11 of the park in Khorsar, 4 non-government and 43 private in Sauraha. Of these, 10 government, 10 private and 1 non-government, at least 21 female elephants are fertile.

Makuna's death case has provided us with an opportunity to find a way to sustainably protect and manage it in the future so that no one is harmed or suffered by the citizens and elephants. In order to protect the livelihood of citizens, employees, tourists, guides, businessmen, the elephants of all the parks of Nepal should be immediately relocated to the forest at a distance of at least 3-5 km from human settlements and commercial areas. Since the wild male elephants that have come to Chitwan have not crossed the Narayani river so far, by establishing an elephant sanctuary (in scientific language) or 'Elephant Ashram' (in traditional language) in the forest across the Narayani river, about 45 elephants of businessmen are earning net profit of Rs 4-6 lakh per head for elephant riding. For the protection of citizens and elephants, the government and civil society should find financial and material resources and arrange to provide an amount equal to the annual profit to businessmen every year. 

Although we have forgotten our history, elephants have not forgotten the history of their ancestors. Elephants such as Makuna, Yamgaj and others follow the Elephant Dandi (path) since the origin of the human race and before the human race settled in this region and until now, for generations in the East from Assam in Nepal through the Churu Ghanch route to the present day Narayani River and from West Garhwal to Bardia-Banke National Park. They continue to live in the land of their ancestors. Dr. According to Ashok Ram's research findings, elephants including Yamagaj and Makuna have arrived in Nepal after a long journey from Assam. Emperor Samudragupta AD (335-375) Pillar Inscriptions of Allahabad describe a vast Nepal extending from Kamakhya Kamrup in Assam in the east to Kashmir in the west at the foothills of the Himalayas. By making this long journey, elephants keep reminding us Nepali citizens of the medieval borders of Nepal. Even though we have forgotten our history due to shrinking of Nepal's borders, elephants have not forgotten the history of their ancestors. Therefore, to reduce the path of the elephant will be fatal for itself, the destruction and desertification of the Terai. 

In order to maintain human-elephant coexistence from East Mechi to West Mahakali, it is necessary to clear the biological path of elephants in the Chure grass and plant trees and fruits that elephants like in that area. The landless, destitute, poor citizens of that area should be transferred to a safe and well-equipped area where rhinos, tigers, elephants, river erosion, floods and landslides do not occur. The loss of human property caused by elephants can be minimized by acquiring the land where the landowners are part. The financial resources required for this can be provided from the amount paid by the development projects for using the forest area for other purposes in the Forest Act, 2076 section 45 (d). If the biological path of the elephant can be managed, then the water loss and desertification that is happening in the Terai will be ended through the protection of Chure. Conserving forests and wildlife will help in reducing the effects of climate change. The local community will be freed from the difficult daily living conditions due to coexistence with elephants. Otherwise the elephants will continue to die. People will also die, be maimed, injured. Houses keep collapsing and crops are destroyed. Governments, elephant guardians and even citizens continue to be amused. Allowing the landless, destitute, poor to live in the biological path of the elephant is to say that the elephant is suffering. It is to say that the elephant destroyed the house, killed the members of his family before his eyes, damaged the crops. 

Centuries of elephant route obstruction, dense human population and herds of breeding female elephants close to commercial centers are the main reasons for killing Makuna elephants and civilians. The only long-term option for human-elephant coexistence is to move female elephants from human settlements and commercial areas to areas inaccessible to wild elephants, to relocate all park elephants to forests within 3-5 km of human settlements and commercial centers, and to clear elephant trunks, i.e., biological pathways, to prevent human-elephant coexistence. If these measures are adopted, the coexistence of humans and elephants will really be maintained in Nepal, and in terms of protecting the watershed area of ​​the river flowing through Chure, Nepal will be proud of its success. If this can be done, no citizen, employee, security personnel and tourist's livelihood will be lost, Chure will be truly protected and half of the population and grain reserves of Nepal will be safe. If the government of Nepal, the Ministry of Forestry and Environment does not clear the biological path of elephants, parks do not move elephants and businessmen do not take their elephants away from the reach of wild male elephants, then they must guarantee the livelihood of citizens, employees, security personnel, tourism professionals and tourists and the safety of elephants.