In the political and administrative circles of Nepal, the consciousness of entrepreneurship did not open. The parties did not teach their workers the product. The administrator did not talk about entrepreneurship apart from day-to-day work. Didn't make a plan. Schools and universities did not include entrepreneurship in regular education, which resulted in no industrialization in the country.

Due to the lack of expansion of the industry, employment opportunities were not created for the young people who are added to the Nepali labor market every year. The fertile youth of the country continued to migrate and the country could not reap the demographic benefits. In this environment, this article is presented with the experience of seven development partner countries of Nepal, India, China, America, UK, Japan, South Korea and Singapore, which have developed good practice in entrepreneurial education.

Entrepreneurship is not only an opportunity to create value for a product or service, but also a process to act on it. It is also the beginning of a new business and the journey towards self-reliance of an individual. It is determination and will to achieve the goal of life. It develops from a person's self-directed learning, habit of learning from their own mistakes, goal-oriented thinking, situational flexibility and eagerness to experiment.

Entrepreneurship in general understanding is also the process of starting a new manufacturing industry and service providing business, company or any other organization. It is the use of innovative ideas to create businesses that provide valuable goods and services to the market. It identifies opportunities for new businesses. It raises the necessary resources to capitalize it. It is also the development of the entrepreneur's ability to take risks and manage uncertainty in the business environment. Entrepreneurial culture was not developed in Nepal. Due to this, the tendency of university students to get a job in their own country and to go abroad if they don't get one. Students initiated by the education system that was established during the literacy campaign in Nepal and which is dominated by archaic theoretical knowledge do not know how to turn the knowledge learned in the university into skills and skills into enterprises. 

According to the National Census 2078, about 8.6 million people in Nepal are not getting jobs according to their qualifications and skills. The illiterate unemployment rate in the country is 18 percent while the educated unemployment rate is 8 to 9 percent. About 70,000 people are unemployed despite having passed graduation or post graduation. Out of about 800,000 young people who have gone to work in the Gulf and other countries, 74,000 have passed postgraduate degrees, 2,16,000 have graduated, and more than 400,000 have passed 12th. More than 1.5 million SLC-passed youth have left the country without finding suitable jobs. In the national census of 2068, 19 lakh 21 thousand 494 people of Nepal were living and working abroad. In the 2078 census, this number increased to 21 lakh 90 thousand 592. These facts show that it is too late to include entrepreneurial education in Nepal's education system. 

Entrepreneurship education helps potential entrepreneurs identify and pursue opportunities by creating an entrepreneurial culture. Increases entrepreneurial mindset, helps in building self-confidence and leadership. Creativity and innovation develop the ability to think outside the box. This type of education is also of two types, entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial education. Entrepreneurial education is education that develops self-reliance in individuals. It is more commonly used in the US and Canada. Entrepreneurial education is education that creates people who seek opportunities. It is more commonly used in the UK and Europe. Entrepreneurship education is also known as education to cultivate innovative people. This is equally important for wage earners. Nowadays most enterprises value innovative thinking and adventurous spirit even among wage earners. Therefore, entrepreneurship education emphasizes changes in attitudes, knowledge and skills of working people and innovative and corporate performance.

A good starting point for entrepreneurship education in Nepal is to include it as a compulsory subject in all educational programs at school level from class 8 and university level. Cultivating skills and an entrepreneurial mindset in an educational institution encourages creativity and encourages young people to take up entrepreneurship. Arrangements should be made to provide entrepreneurship education to the youth who are out of school and college through formal and informal training centers and skill development centers. Nepal does not have its own experience in the development of entrepreneurial education. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the good practices developed by other countries and develop entrepreneurial education that suits the country. 

Good practices from other countries

India : Entrepreneurship education is not included at the school level in India except for Delhi. After the Aam Aadmi Party came to power, entrepreneurial education has been started at the secondary level from class 9 to 12 in Delhi. Entrepreneurship is not taught in all university level faculties in India.

However, entrepreneurship is taught at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in technical and management subjects. The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) supports the 'Startup Entrepreneurial' project and the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) supports the Government of India in entrepreneurship training. Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India at Federal Level – National Institute for Development of Large, Medium and Small Enterprises, National Institutes of Entrepreneurship and Promotion of Small Enterprises provide training to out-of-school and college youth. At the provincial level, the Provincial Industrial Development Corporation and the Provincial Small Enterprise Development Corporation arrange entrepreneurship training.

China: Entrepreneurship education in China is included in the political curriculum at all levels of schools. Here, entrepreneurial education was an extracurricular activity till 1997. Tisunga University first started this education in 1997. In 2001, entrepreneurship education was expanded to 9 other universities in China as a trial. 

After its positive results, in 2012, during Hu Jintao's presidential administration, the Ministry of Education included entrepreneurship education in university education. There are currently more than 90 entrepreneurial cities built by entrepreneurial youth in China. The entire country of China has developed as an industry that supplies construction materials and consumer goods to the world.

Japan : Under the excellent coordination of the government, educational institutions and professional organizations, students in Japan are given entrepreneurial education. Japanese schools teach about the Japanese construction industry as part of social education from fifth grade. Within this subject, students are given knowledge about entrepreneurship, enterprise and economy at the school level. Japanese universities provide students with 4 types of entrepreneurship training — entrepreneurship awareness and spirit development, entrepreneurship practical management training, entrepreneurship knowledge, skill and skill acquisition training, and entrepreneurship training. Japanese university students come with entrepreneurial knowledge and skills when they enter the market. Start some kind of business or enterprise.

America : The curriculum of entrepreneurial education at the school level in America is clearly based on the talent training target system (Clear Talent Training Target System). The school-level entrepreneurship curriculum focuses on the whole learning of students and provides training from the youth venture to the stage of professional integrity. American universities have developed excellent entrepreneurship curriculum systems. They help students to achieve specialization in education as per their desire. American universities have their own entrepreneurship centers. From technology to startup platforms, he teaches entrepreneurship. In the US, Columbia University is famous for entrepreneurial education and Stanley University for business startup education. 

UK : Entrepreneurship education at school level in the UK provides knowledge about company formation, group building and business start-up. The duration of this type of education/training varies from 12 weeks to one year depending on the nature of the company. Many companies are established in one school. A company has up to 32 student members. Each student is provided with £530 per year by the government to start a company.

In university level entrepreneurship education, students are emphasized on education like 'listen, learn and earn' from employers. Under this, information is also given about the available opportunities. Employers are trained on the skills and knowledge needed to work and those who have the required skills are given the opportunity to work, learn and earn in the company. In addition, GFG (Geeks for Geeks), a platform that provides resources for programming, coding, interview preparation and technical education, encourages various opportunities. It advises the youth to work on their employability and find more opportunities.

South Korea : There is a common understanding of the need for enterprise-friendly government policies, availability of capital, entrepreneurial culture, parenting support services, skilled workers and market structures. Therefore, entrepreneurship education in South Korea is provided by a joint combination of the government, entrepreneurs, and educational institutions. Entrepreneurship is trained at the primary level, secondary level and higher secondary level according to the level of the students.

The world's first graduate college on entrepreneurship at the university level was established in Korea in 2004. This year, Chungcheongnam-do University, Hoseo University, Hanwat University, Jinju University of Arts, Yewon launched graduate programs in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is now taught in all universities in Korea. In 2022, 15,500 courses on entrepreneurship were taught in 250 universities and 271 colleges. 

Singapore : Since 2004, education has been started in Singapore for young people between the ages of 7 and 18 about entrepreneurship and innovation. At the school level, students are taught to develop enterprise schemes. At the university level, students above the age of 18 are taught about the entrepreneurship ecosystem. Entrepreneurial education here has more emphasis on business initiation and promotion. 8 universities in Singapore offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses in entrepreneurship. Establishment and operation of private educational institutions also fall under entrepreneurship. 

Need for Entrepreneurial Curriculum

Entrepreneurial University aims to explore, create and identify opportunities for new products or technologies or knowledge. A university capable of working in groups, taking risks and facing challenges is called an entrepreneurial university. The mentality of all the teachers, staff and students working in it is oriented towards acquiring knowledge to create an educational enterprise. This mindset is what distinguishes entrepreneurial universities from other universities. The World League of Entrepreneurial Universities, headquartered in Germany, examines self-proclaimed entrepreneurial universities and recognizes them if they meet the criteria for entrepreneurial universities. 

Some universities in the world have declared themselves entrepreneurial universities. Among them are Almaty University of Management in central Kazakhstan, University of Management and Science in Malaysia, University of Business Administration in Columbia, University of Leeds in United Kingdom and Angela Ruskin University. The

Darbin University in South Africa, Technical University in Hamburg, Germany, University of Arizona in America, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and West Virginia University, Management Center in Austria, Binus University in Jakarta, Indonesia are famous as entrepreneurial universities. Apart from these, there are more than 2025 programs in entrepreneurship studies in different parts of the world. At least 1000 universities in the world offer entrepreneurship courses. Currently, this type of education is expanding rapidly at the university level. The universities of Nepal also need to learn from the good practices of these universities and create an environment to promote entrepreneurship education without delay. 

Learning from the above good practices, it is necessary to design and teach entrepreneurial courses to the students of Nepal's schools and universities according to their level. Along with entrepreneurial education, technology development centers should be opened in secondary schools and colleges and students should be encouraged to explore the technology needed for the industrialization of the country. To start new small and medium enterprises, it is necessary to provide start-up capital on a large scale to the youth based on innovation and competition. For the marketing of

products, the campaign of ``Our products are our consumption'' can be aimed at consuming in the country and exporting the rest abroad. It is necessary to transform Nepal's universities into entrepreneurial universities and provide practical knowledge for enterprise operations in collaboration with industry. For this, from changing the curriculum of education to changing the physical structure of schools and universities, matching the ranks of education, bringing in a new education law, a new law on science and technology, it is necessary to arrange for students to be taught skills in an industrial establishment or industry.