Nepal has adopted a federal system on the foundation of the Madhesh movement. However, the ten-year long Maoist armed struggle as well as the campaigns and movements of the tribal tribes, Dalits, Muslims and other communities against the unitary and centralized governance at various times laid the foundation for the federal system.

Many ethnic regional parties appeared after 2062/063 with the aim of protecting the autonomous province, language, art and culture along with their ethnic regional identity, struggling against discrimination, exclusion, deprivation and injustice by the state. Some of them were also represented in the Constituent Assembly.

Although there is a definition of national party in the law, there is ambiguity about regional parties. However, the regional characteristics of the party are reflected in the party's origin, issues carried by the party as well as electoral commitment, organizational strength of the party and the votes it gets in the elections.

For example, Janata Samajwadi Party Nepal (JSP Nepal), Democratic Samajwadi Party (LOSPA) and Janmat Party Madhesh, which were established to advocate for the rights of the Madhesi community and have built a strong organizational base in Terai/Madhesh.

Similarly, the Civil Immunity Party, which raised the issue of Tharu, is a regional party in Far West. The role of such regional parties is important to institutionalize the federal system adopted with the aim of increasing the representation of the people in the governance process. There are many such examples in the international environment. But it is ironic that there is no concept of regional party in Nepal. 

As the demarcation of the provinces was not centered on the historical geography, civilization and ethnic population as demanded by the tribal communities, the possibility of regional parties maintaining political dominance in the other 6 provinces has become weak. In Madhesh, the possibility of this is very high and some such practices have been done there.

Federalism was adopted on the foundation of the Madhesh movement and a regional party focused on Madhesh was established with the energy of the same movement, so his role in the implementation of federalism is a matter of general interest. Such interest is also justified because he has continuously led the government of Madhesh province.

Provinces can make their own laws, regional structure, budget formulation and implementation in the constitution itself. Proportional inclusion is an important pillar of federalism. Therefore, the actions taken by the provincial government, which is mainly led by regional parties, will help institutionalize federalism. 

Even after almost a decade has passed since the promulgation of the constitution, the federal government has been delaying making several important laws and is still trying to implement federalism. Mainly because the union did not make the laws such as the Federal Civil Service Act, Police Adjustment Act, Federal Education Act etc., the state has not been able to use the constitutional rights properly.

Despite the lack of personnel, legal structure, physical infrastructure, etc., the local and state governments have achieved various achievements by operating. In Madhesh, under the leadership of the regional party, a province was created with an identity name in accordance with the demand of the Madhesh movement. After that, the regional feeling and identity became stronger, and Madhesh Province became a source of motivation for other provinces as well. 

In Madhesh, after participating in the government, the regional parties established various structures such as Provincial Public Service Commission, Provincial People's Lokpal Commission, Dalit Development Committee as per the election promise. The regional parties of Madhesh had the opportunity to operate those new structures in a new way according to the regional needs. However, as a legacy of unitary and centralized systems, those structures were established and the work culture was created in the same way.

Therefore, the traditional way of working is also found in those structures. Part of the party could not find competent leadership in the appointment of office bearers. As a result, he could not do effective work, and the purpose of establishing those structures has been questioned. Somewhere, the regional parties have raised the suspicion that such structures have not been established only to curb the citizens' dissatisfaction and to recruit workers. 

Provinces have got resources and powers, but they are not enough. But the provincial government led by the regional party and the ministry taken by the regional party had the opportunity to prioritize the limited resources and use them in a fair manner.

If we are to review the regional practice of about eight years, the regional parties led by the provincial government have failed in the prioritization of available resources. Achievements are not as expected due to distributive budget allocation in unproductive areas. The spirit of federalism has become weak when the state government keeps the implementation of small budgets to be given to the local level in the ministry. 

Popular programs of far-reaching importance like 'Beti Padhau Beti Bachau' brought by the joint government of Jaspa Nepal and LOSPA were stopped due to financial irregularities. Important plans and programs conducted during the joint government of JSPA Nepal and LOSPA were very weak in terms of economic governance.

The main reason for that is the self-interested influence of middlemen and businessmen rather than the needs of the citizens of the province in determining the priorities of plans and programs. The leadership of regional parties should stop it, but they themselves have become its means. However, the problem is the same in other provinces except those led by regional parties. But the people had special expectations for this party because it is a regional party that is the main driver of federalism and good governance.  It is the regional party that mainly raises the principle of

inclusion. In Madhesh province, 50 percent reservation has been made for women in the State Police Act and State Civil Service Act. Also, following the principle of proportional inclusion in the Act, a reservation system has been implemented in Madhesh province on the basis of ethnic population. These actions can help to be imitated in other provinces as well. 

If we take an example of the appointments made in the provincial assembly, its committees, provincial government and various agencies, then the picture of social diversity of Madhesh province is not reflected in those appointments. Among them, mainly Madhesi Dalits, Muslims and women representation is very less than their population. Due to this, the regional party's commitment to inclusiveness is under question.

No one has stopped the regional party from making those parts of the state government inclusive. This could not happen because of the weak will of the Madhesi regional party. The argument that it is the mother of federalism and inclusiveness, but when questioned about the loss of proportional inclusiveness in the provinces, the argument that it is not in the federal government confirms the opinion that the commitment of regional parties towards federalism and inclusiveness is weakening.

The need for a regional party is for the marginalized communities such as tribals, Madhesi, Muslims and others. Regional parties have been making identity a key issue. The purpose of that party is also mentioned in the election promises made to the voters. But the leadership of that party lacks a clear vision of how to implement it. Therefore, local people's representatives are confused about this matter.