The Expanded Dimension of Human Rights

Mangshir 25, 2081

Premraj Silwal

The Expanded Dimension of Human Rights

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In the book "Dignity Rights" by American author Erin Dille published in 2012, it is said that the meaning of human dignity should not be understood in a narrow and limited sense. Respect is not limited to any law. Since its meaning is universal, he has suggested to understand and treat human respect in a broad sense.

The author's emphasis is that the respect of human beings should be reflected in the daily behavior of individuals, various types of relationships and actions of organizations and society.

The right to human dignity has been accepted as a principle of human rights in the world since the twentieth century. It is a violation of human rights if domestic workers, security personnel, laborers or anyone's minimum human dignity is hurt. If someone interferes with his personal honor on the basis of giving certain salary-facilities, goods-equipment or money, it becomes inhumane, anti-social and immoral. In some cases such behavior is illegal. Actions, orders and behavior that harm the private life, self-respect and reputation of a human being are not only inhumane but also unjust. Respectful behavior should be reflected in every action and behavior of a person. 

Rulers and powers in world history were very cruel, merciless and oppressive. In Britain, considered the mother of parliamentary democracy, monarchs were despotic and brutal. It was the first duty of every citizen to obey every order of the king and the king's army. Citizens had to live in terror and fear of when they would come and what kind of decrees and orders they would give. The servants of the king would loot the fruits, produce or any thing that the citizens had grown with pain. At that time it was difficult to protect a beautiful or beautiful girl. Even in Nepal during the Rana reign, if the Rana who were in power saw a beautiful girl while riding, she would be taken to the palace by his orders. That is why it is said that small skull-shaped windows are placed in the houses connected to the roads of Kathmandu. 

Before 1949, the kings and rulers of China were also cruel and oppressive. People and citizens had to live in fear every moment. Because of that, all kinds of kings and rulers in the world have been forced to engage in civil resistance against the illegal decrees or orders. People need food, shelter, medicine, etc. to survive. However, it was not enough to sustain human life. Political freedom, social, economic and cultural rights and rights are equally necessary. After the minimum basic needs man wants his respect. He needs freedom from all kinds of fear. There has been a political, social and cultural struggle for the right to be freed from all kinds of terror. The basis of human rights is that there should be no interference, insult and attack on one's private life, freedom and private matters except in accordance with the law. There have been many struggles in the world for this. In England, in 1215, King John was forced to enact a law called the Magna Carta against royal tyranny. which legally prohibited the king's unlawful interference and invasion. That is, the fundamental basis of human rights is to be freed from his dignity and fear. 

French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) mentioned that 'man is born free and then he is bound from all sides' while discussing political freedom. Based on his philosophical concept, Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights issued in 1948 stated that "Man is born free and equal in dignity and rights." It is written in the declaration that human rights are the basic political, social, economic, cultural and civil rights and freedoms that human beings have. Which is also widely mentioned in the 1966 Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Which is called the main international law on human rights. 

Various political events, revolutions and philosophical ideas have come forward in the world due to the belief that no one should interfere and violate the basic rights of people. The idea that the king or power cannot and should not interfere with the political, social and personal rights of citizens was already mentioned by the public revolt in 1215 in Britain. Philosophers such as Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes, Jeremy Bentham, John Locke, and Thomas Paine wrote various books and advocated the protection of civil liberties, life and property. 

Philosophers have emphasized that the natural and birthright of human beings should be protected and protected. Human rights are those rights and personal freedoms and dignity, which are considered illegal to be interfered with by any organization, person or group. Human rights are rights that are based on basic moral values ​​without discrimination for people of all countries, religions and cultures. The very word 'right' implies that a person uses it, that it will be respected with high respect from all levels and levels and that it must be obeyed compulsorily. Human rights are the rights of every human being regardless of caste, language, religion, gender, nationality, origin, social and economic status, political ideology and national boundaries. There is a difference between human rights and fundamental rights. A fundamental right is a right that only the citizens of that country have. However, both are human rights. 

During the ancient Greek and Roman rule, democracy, the rule of law and civil rights developed in Europe. When the Roman states of Italy were governing, they protected and protected the basic rights of people by following the legal system and governance practices developed by them at that time. They protect the rights of citizens called 'jus civile', protect foreign citizens and slaves called 'jus gentum' and create laws of common interest called 'jus naturale' to protect the life, property and wealth of native and foreign citizens and people. It seems to be arranged. Imitating the political-legal government power that started with the Roman rule, constitutional-legal arrangements, rule of law, democracy, democracy and the protection of people's rights including life, property and security have been considered as the minimum basis. 

There have been many political, social and cultural movements in Nepal for the respect and freedom of citizens from fear. Due to the conscious and organized resistance of the people and political parties, the Federal Democratic-Republican Constitution is being created and implemented. Article 16 of the Constitution of Nepal states that every person has the right to live with dignity. Since the constitution after 2047 has been writing that there will be a right to live, the current constitution has made it more clear that there will be a right to live with dignity. The constitution has given citizens all kinds of political, social, economic and cultural rights through fundamental rights. 

The fundamental basis of human rights is the dignity of citizens and freedom from all forms of fear. A citizen is to become free, independent and empowered from a political, social, economic and cultural point of view. The Constitution of Nepal has made it clear that no one can interfere with anyone's personal honor, freedom and rights except according to the law. Under the rule of law, no one is above the law. The constitution has protected and respected the private rights and rights of everyone. Since a democratic republic and a republican constitution are necessary for freedom from respect and fear, acting according to its real meaning, meaning, letter and spirit is the guarantee of human rights. 

– Silwal, who is also an advocate, is a scholar of human rights and constitution.

Premraj

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